Abstract:Angiotensin II from the renin-angiotensin system is proposed to be pro-inflammatory induces reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor kappa B. It sensitizes pain receptors to mediators of pain (via PGE2). ACEI block these actions increase endogenous opioids by inhibiting enzyme enkephalinase. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) causing calcium influx are involved in exocytosis of synaptic vesicle (glutamate, substance-P) post membrane depolarization while pain processing. N and T types of VGCC are implicated i… Show more
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