59.1: Invited Paper: Electrophoretic Display Platform Comprising B, W, R Particles

Abstract

The world's first mass production three-particle electrophoretic display has been launched. E Ink Spectra TM displays utilize black, white and red engineered particles in a colorless solvent to achieve red plus black/white independent optical states without a color filter array. The three types of particles have different properties and are well controlled so they respond differently to various electric fields. The Spectra electrophoretic ink is filled and then sealed in a thin film Microcup® structure using a roll to roll process and the output imaging film can be easily cut to any shape and size and then laminated to TFT or segmented backplanes to form display modules.

Electrophoretic display comprising black, white, red, and yellow particles

“…Early designs of multi-particle EPD was demonstrated by Fuji Xerox in the lab. 16 Current commercial designs include E Ink's Spectra™ and ACeP ® technologies. 17,18 The system has the potential to provide the best color performance while retaining high reflectance and high contrast ratio comparable to the traditional black and white EPD systems.…”

“…In this approach, it is possible to utilize both light‐absorbing and light‐scattering colored particles. Early designs of multi‐particle EPD was demonstrated by Fuji Xerox in the lab 16 . Current commercial designs include E Ink's Spectra™ and ACeP® technologies 17,18 .…”

29‐2: Simultaneous Optimization of Halftoning Image Quality and TFT Power Consumption for Multi‐tonal E‐papers

“…Reflective electrophoretic displays (EPDs), as generally known as e-papers, have made great success in e-readers, digital signage, electronic shelf labels (ESLs) through the advantages of ultra-low power consumption brought about by the bistability, good sunlight readability, etc. [1][2][3][4]. Considering the abundant information carried by color, recent years, black and white (B&W) EDPs are stepping towards chromatic solutions [1][2][3][4].…”

“…[1][2][3][4]. Considering the abundant information carried by color, recent years, black and white (B&W) EDPs are stepping towards chromatic solutions [1][2][3][4]. To achieve chromatic EPDs, a practical approach is to laminate color filters on B&W EPDs.…”

“…Therefore, another technology that uses chromatic pigments gains increasing attention. The basic principle of a three-pigment EPD is shown in Figure 1(a), represented by the E Ink Spectra™ [4]. Negatively charged white pigments and positively charged black and red pigments are encapsulated in a Microcup ® , and the black and red pigments have different levels of mobility.…”