57Fe and 119Sn M�ssbauer studies of natural tin-bearing garnets

Amthauer, Georg; McIver, James; Viljoen, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/bf00307947

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Sn content tended to be positively correlated with the content of the andradite component in garnet (Table 2). Previous studies have demonstrated that Sn 4+ (0.069 nm) and Fe 3+ (0.065 nm) have similar ionic radii, and Sn mainly enters garnet through isomorphic substitution of Fe, that is, Sn 4+ + Fe 2+ = 2Fe 3+ [57][58][59][60][61]. When the oxygen fugacity falls within the MH (magnetite-hematite)-NNO (nickel-nickel oxide) range, Sn enters garnet as Sn 4+ substituting for Fe 3+ .…”

Section: The Occurrence State Of Ore-forming Elements and Metallogeni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Garnet from Zinc–Copper Ore Bodies in the Changpo–Tongkeng Deposit and Its Geological Significance

Liang

Denghong

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The Changpo–Tongkeng tin polymetallic deposit in Dachang, Guangxi, is a world-class, superlarge, polymetallic tin deposit consisting of lower skarn zinc–copper ore bodies and upper tin polymetallic ore bodies. Garnet is the main gangue mineral in the skarn zinc–copper ore bodies and has a granular texture. Based on hand specimens and microscopic observations, the existing garnet can be divided into two generations: an early generation (Grt I) and a late generation (Grt II). The results of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in situ microanalysis show that the contents of SiO2 and CaO in the garnets from the two generations present limited variations, while the FeOT and Al2O3 contents vary significantly, indicating the grossular–andradite solid solution series (Gro29–82And12–69). Compared with Grt I (Gro72And25), Grt II (Gro39And59) is Fe-enriched and oscillatory zoning is developed. The total rare earth element (REE) contents in the two generations of garnet are relatively low, showing light rare earth element (LREE) depletion and heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment patterns. Grt II has higher REE content than Grt I and exhibits significant negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.18–0.44). The contents and variation characteristics of the major and trace elements in the two generations of garnet suggest that there were variable redox conditions and water/rock ratios in the hydrothermal system during the crystallization process of garnet. In the early stage, skarnization was in a relatively closed and low-oxygen fugacity system, with hydrothermal diffusion metasomatism being dominant, forming homogeneous Grt I lacking well-developed zoning. In the late stage of skarnization, the oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluids increased, with infiltration metasomatism being dominant, forming Grt II with well-developed oscillatory zoning. The contents of Sn, As, W, In, and Ge in the garnets are relatively high and increase with the proportion of andradite. Sn in zinc–copper ore bodies mainly exists in the form of isomorphic substitution in garnet, which may be the main reason for the lack of tin ore bodies during the skarn stage. This paper compares the trace element contents in garnets from domestic skarn deposits. The results indicate that the Sn content and δEu in garnet can be used to evaluate the tin-forming potential of skarn deposits.

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Section: The Occurrence State Of Ore-forming Elements and Metallogeni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Garnet from Zinc–Copper Ore Bodies in the Changpo–Tongkeng Deposit and Its Geological Significance

Liang

Denghong

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…The charge difference between quadrivalent Sn and trivalent Fe makes it necessary to get a compensatory mechanism to maintain charge balance. As a result, two other cosubstitution mechanisms (Equations ( 2) and (3)) have also been proposed [52,[67][68][69]:…”

Section: Substitution Of Sn Into Garnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The garnet from a skarn Sn polymetallic deposit in Finland contains up to 1.44 wt % SnO 2 [77]. Also, the content of SnO 2 in garnets at Doradilla, New South Wales, Australia is as high as 0.5-3.5 wt % [68]. The studies on several Sn-bearing skarn deposits in South China (e.g., Yaogangxian, Dachang, Xinlu, Debao, Gejiu, and Shizhuyuan) also show that the contents of SnO 2 in garnets are generally in the range of 0.02-2 wt %, particularly in Gejiu, where the highest value can be up to 5.14 wt % [51,52].…”

Section: Exploration Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Garnet from the Xianghualing Skarn Sn Deposit, South China: Its Petrogenetic Significance and Exploration Potential

et al. 2020

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The Xianghualing skarn Sn deposit in the southwestern part of the southern Hunan Metallogenic Belt is a large Sn deposit in the Nanling area. In this paper, the garnet has been analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the concentrations of the major and trace elements. The results reveal that the garnets from the Xianghualing deposit mainly belong to andradite-grossular (grandite) solid solution and are typically richer in Al than in Fe. They show enrichment in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and notably lower light rare earth elements (LREEs), and commonly negative Eu anomalies, indicative of a relatively reduced formation environment. The garnets have high Sn concentrations between 2313 ppm and 5766 ppm. It is also evident that there is a positive correlation between Sn and Fe, suggesting that Sn4+ substitutes into the garnets through substituting for Fe3+ in the octahedral position. Combined with previous studies, it can be recognized that the Sn concentrations of garnet in skarn Sn deposits are generally high, whereas the W concentrations are relatively low. This is just the opposite in garnets from skarn W deposits that typically have high W, but low Sn concentrations. In polymetallic skarn deposits with both economic Sn and W, the concentrations of both metals in garnets are relatively high, although varying greatly. Therefore, the Sn and W concentrations in garnets can be used to evaluate a skarn deposit’s potential to produce Sn and (or) W mineralization, which is helpful in exploration.

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“…Charge imbalance caused by Sn 4+ in Fe 3+ sites may be balanced by substitution of Mg 2+ in these Fe 3 + sites. Amthauer et al (1979) propose that Sn 4 + and Fe 2 + substitute for two Fe 3 + ions. No data on ionic species of iron are available for the garnets at Gumble, but this conclusion appears reasonable.…”

Section: Opaline Silica Malayaitementioning

confidence: 99%

Malayaite and tin-bearing garnet from a skarn at Gumble, NSW, Australia

Mulholland

1984

Mineral. mag.

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Malayaite and tin-bearing garnet occur within a skarn assemblage at Gumble, NSW. A metasomatic origin is proposed for these minerals under conditions of T = 300-500°C Xco2 < 0.30 and fO2 = 10−18 to 10−30 bars. Malayaite has formed as a result of reaction between a metasomatic fluid rich in Sn, F, H2O and silica, and tin-bearing andradite and wollastonite. The main requirements for tin-bearing skarn formation appear to be an F-Sn-rich granite, an iron-rich skarn assemblage, and a relatively long cooling history.

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57Fe and 119Sn M�ssbauer studies of natural tin-bearing garnets

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Geochemical Characteristics of Garnet from Zinc–Copper Ore Bodies in the Changpo–Tongkeng Deposit and Its Geological Significance

Geochemical Characteristics of Garnet from Zinc–Copper Ore Bodies in the Changpo–Tongkeng Deposit and Its Geological Significance

Composition of Garnet from the Xianghualing Skarn Sn Deposit, South China: Its Petrogenetic Significance and Exploration Potential

Malayaite and tin-bearing garnet from a skarn at Gumble, NSW, Australia

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