579 Acute Ischemic Heart Failure: Pharmacological and Interventional Management of a Frail Patient

Abstract

An 87-year-old male patient with worsening dyspnea was admitted to our institution. The patient had a history of acute myocardial infarction treated with coronary stenting of the left descending artery (LAD), diagonal (Diag), right coronary artery (RCA), and chronic kidney disease. For acute pulmonary edema, the patient was admitted to our cardiac intensive care unit and rapidly treated with non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP), IV high dosage diuretic therapy, inotropes, and vasoactive agents. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio, 56%) and pulmonary congestion. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia and diffuse ST-segment abnormalities. An echocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular apical akinesia, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25% and severe mitral regurgitation. Blood tests revealed very high levels of NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (>30000 pg/ml) and myocardial necrosis markers (hs-Trop 5055 ng/l; CK-MB 72 ng/ml). After 24 hours, the patient was placed on intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support to further hemodynamic support through the right femoral artery, nonetheless, he showed no improvement in symptoms or urine output. Because of a state of hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was given to the patient with a gradual improvement in blood gas analysis. The optimization of diuretic therapy allowed to treat the state of acute oliguric kidney disease, avoiding dialytic treatment. After 48 hours, because of a new worsening in hemodynamic state, we decided for a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (Impella CP, Denver, Massachusetts, USA). After placing the Impella device, coronary angiography was performed, showing critical stenosis of the left main (LM), involving the origin of the left anterior descending artery and a collateralized chronic occlusion of the circumflex artery and the LAD, after the origin of a large first diagonal branch. Because of the high procedural risk, we decided to perform only percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation of LM. After 3 days his symptoms improved, the required dose of inotropic agents and furosemide decreased and Impella was removed. After 12 days the patient was admitted to the cardiological ward and discharged after 21 days because of a urinary infection requiring antibiotic therapy. The management of acute heart failure in very old patients is challenging, limiting in many cases the use of invasive procedures such as coronary angiography or left ventricular assist devices. In this case, although the patient presented a very high-risk profile considering age and comorbidities, the use of Impella resulted to be safe and guaranteed hemodynamic support during the procedure of revascularization and in the immediate post-operative phase.