The objectives of this study were to investigate the moisture-induced protein aggregation of whey protein powders and to elucidate the relationship of protein stability with respect to water content and glass transition. Three whey protein powder types were studied: whey protein isolate (WPI), whey protein hydrolysates (WPH), and betalactoglobulin (BLG). The water sorption isotherms were determined at 23 and 45°C, and they fit the GuggenheimAndersson-DeBoer (GAB) model well. Glass transition was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The heat capacity changes of WPI and BLG during glass transition were small (0.1 to 0.2 Jg −1°C−1 ), and the glass transition temperature (T g ) could not be detected for all samples. An increase in water content in the range of 7 to 16% caused a decrease in T g from 119 down to 75°C for WPI, and a decrease from 93 to 47°C for WPH. Protein aggregation after 2 weeks' storage was measured by the increase in insoluble aggregates and change in soluble protein fractions. For WPI and BLG, no protein aggregation was observed over the range of 0 to 85% RH, whereas for WPH, ∼50% of proteins became insoluble after storage at 23°C and 85% RH or at 45°C and ≥73% RH, caused mainly by the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds. This suggests that, at increased water content, a decrease in the T g of whey protein powders results in a dramatic increase in the mobility of protein molecules, leading to protein aggregation in short-term storage.