500-MHz ground penetrating radar data collected during an intentional spill of tetrachloroethylene at Canadian Forces Base Borden in 1991

Sander, K. A.; Olhoeft, Gary R.

doi:10.3133/ds25

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In situ resistivity probes were employed using access through R-1 and R-2 (Schneider and Greenhouse 1992) and borehole time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were employed using access through T-1 and T-2 (Redman and Annan 1992;Brewster and others 1992). Surface resistivity (Schneider and Greenhouse 1992) and multiple-frequency surface GPR (Brewster and others 1995;Sander and others 1992;Sander 1994;Sander and Olhoeft 1994) were also employed at the site, with the grid of GPR survey lines shown in Figure 2. The ability of electrical geophysical methods to detect zones of DNAPL results from the distinctly contrasting electrical properties of the DNAPL from the groundwater displaced in the pore spaces (Brewster and others 1992;Olhoeft 1992;Annan and others 1991;Redman and others 1991;Redman and Annan 1992).…”

Section: Geophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grids of 500-MHz surface ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were among the geophysical data acquired by the U. S. Geological Survey in conjunction with the University of Waterloo during the PCE injection (Sander and Olhoeft 1994) and are used to interpret pre-injection porosity and subsequent DNAPL saturations presented here. Sander and others (1992) describe the 500-MHz data acquisition using a GSSI SIR-7 radar system over a 340-hour post-injection period.…”

Section: Geophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation

Sneddon¹,

Powers²,

Johnson³

et al. 2002

Open-File Report

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Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are a pervasive and persistent category of groundwater contamination. In an effort to better understand their unique subsurface behavior, a controlled and carefully monitored injection of PCE (perchloroethylene), a typical DNAPL, was performed in conjunction with the University of Waterloo at Canadian Forces Base Borden in 1991. Of the various geophysical methods used to monitor the migration of injected PCE, the U.S. Geological Survey collected 500-MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. These data are used in determining calibration parameters for a multiphase flow simulation. GPR data were acquired over time on a fixed two-dimensional surficial grid as the DNAPL was injected into the subsurface. Emphasis is on the method of determining DNAPL saturation values from this time-lapse GPR data set. Interactive full-waveform GPR modeling of regularized field traces resolves relative dielectric permittivity versus depth profiles for pre-injection and later-time data. Modeled values are end members in recursive calculations of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen (BHS) mixing formula, yielding interpreted pre-injection porosity and post-injection DNAPL saturation values. The resulting interpreted physical properties of porosity and DNAPL saturation of the Borden test cell, defined on a grid spacing of 50 cm with 1-cm depth resolution, are used as observations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation. Calculated values of DNAPL saturation in the subsurface at 14 and 22 hours after the start of injection, from both the GPR and the multiphase flow modeling, are interpolated volumetrically and presented for visual comparison.

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Section: Geophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation

Sneddon¹,

Powers²,

Johnson³

et al. 2002

Open-File Report

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“…Olhoeft, 1992;Brewster and Annan, 1994;Sander and Olhoeft, 1994;Daniels et al, 1995;Baker, 1998;Kim et al, 2000). These papers have identified that amplitude anomalies (bright spots and dim spots), travel time (velocity) anomalies, and occasional phase anomalies are associated with the presence of NAPL.…”

Section: Introduction and Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using amplitude variation with offset and normalized residual polarization analysis of ground penetrating radar data to differentiate an NAPL release from stratigraphic changes

Jordan

Baker

Henn

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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“…Furthermore, GPR is used to estimate moisture content within a few wavelengths of the surface (Lambot et al, 2006, 2004a,b; Schmalholz et al, 2004; Grote et al, 2003; Huisman et al, 2003; Olhoeft, 2000) and at depth (Loeffler and Bano, 2004; Grote et al, 2002). Ground penetrating radar has also been used to delineate transport paths for water and contaminants (Wollschläger and Roth, 2004; Gish et al, 2002; Brewster et al, 1995; Sander and Olhoeft, 1994; Greenhouse et al, 1993). The electrical properties measured by GPR can be related to hydrogeologic properties such as moisture content and porosity using mixing models (Johnson and Poeter, 2005; Sneddon, 2003; Wtorek, 2003; Sihvola, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Electrical Properties of Soil Using a Calibrated Ground‐Coupled GPR System

Oden¹,

Olhoeft²,

Wright

et al. 2008

Vadose Zone Journal

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Traditional methods for estimating vadose zone soil properties using ground penetrating radar (GPR) include measuring travel time, fitting diffraction hyperbolae, and other methods exploiting geometry. Additional processing techniques for estimating soil properties are possible with properly calibrated GPR systems. Such calibration using ground‐coupled antennas must account for the effects of the shallow soil on the antenna's response, because changing soil properties result in a changing antenna response. A prototype GPR system using ground‐coupled antennas was calibrated using laboratory measurements and numerical simulations of the GPR components. Two methods for estimating subsurface properties that utilize the calibrated response were developed. First, a new nonlinear inversion algorithm to estimate shallow soil properties under ground‐coupled antennas was evaluated. Tests with synthetic data showed that the inversion algorithm is well behaved across the allowed range of soil properties. A preliminary field test gave encouraging results, with estimated soil property uncertainties (±σ) of ±1.9 and ±4.4 mS/m for the relative dielectric permittivity and the electrical conductivity, respectively. Next, a deconvolution method for estimating the properties of subsurface reflectors with known shapes (e.g., pipes or planar interfaces) was developed. This method uses scattering matrices to account for the response of subsurface reflectors. The deconvolution method was evaluated for use with noisy data using synthetic data. Results indicate that the deconvolution method requires reflected waves with a signal/noise ratio of about 10:1 or greater. When applied to field data with a signal/noise ratio of 2:1, the method was able to estimate the reflection coefficient and relative permittivity, but the large uncertainty in this estimate precluded inversion for conductivity.

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500-MHz ground penetrating radar data collected during an intentional spill of tetrachloroethylene at Canadian Forces Base Borden in 1991

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation

Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation

Using amplitude variation with offset and normalized residual polarization analysis of ground penetrating radar data to differentiate an NAPL release from stratigraphic changes

Measuring the Electrical Properties of Soil Using a Calibrated Ground‐Coupled GPR System

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