50 Jahre Phalloidin

Wieland, Theodor

doi:10.1007/bf00405464

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…To establish the cell types expressing the respective G proteins, we used phalloidin, a marker for f-actin that is abundant in microvilli [43] and antibodies against tubulin as a ciliary marker [44]. Both markers label the whole sensory as well as non-sensory epithelium (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimodal processing of olfactory information in an amphibian nose: odor responses segregate into a medial and a lateral stream

Gliem

Syed

Sansone

et al. 2012

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

148

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In contrast to the single sensory surface present in teleost fishes, several spatially segregated subsystems with distinct molecular and functional characteristics define the mammalian olfactory system. However, the evolutionary steps of that transition remain unknown. Here we analyzed the olfactory system of an early diverging tetrapod, the amphibian Xenopus laevis, and report for the first time the existence of two odor-processing streams, sharply segregated in the main olfactory bulb and partially segregated in the olfactory epithelium of pre-metamorphic larvae. A lateral odor-processing stream is formed by microvillous receptor neurons and is characterized by amino acid responses and Gαo/Gαi as probable signal transducers, whereas a medial stream formed by ciliated receptor neurons is characterized by responses to alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, and Gαolf/cAMP as probable signal transducers. To reveal candidates for the olfactory receptors underlying these two streams, the spatial distribution of 12 genes from four olfactory receptor gene families was determined. Several class II and some class I odorant receptors (ORs) mimic the spatial distribution observed for the medial stream, whereas a trace amine-associated receptor closely parallels the spatial pattern of the lateral odor-processing stream. Other olfactory receptors (some class I odorant receptors and vomeronasal type 1 receptors) and odor responses (to bile acids, amines) were not lateralized, the latter not even in the olfactory bulb, suggesting an incomplete segregation. Thus, the olfactory system of X. laevis exhibits an intermediate stage of segregation and as such appears well suited to investigate the molecular driving forces behind olfactory regionalization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimodal processing of olfactory information in an amphibian nose: odor responses segregate into a medial and a lateral stream

Gliem

Syed

Sansone

et al. 2012

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

148

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“…Phallotoxins, isolated from the mushroom Amanita phalloides, are bicyclic peptides that bind the various isoforms of F-actin with high affinity (Wieland, 1987;Haugland, 1996). Because of their small size and low molecular weight (~800 daltons), phalloidin conjugates penetrate easily into the tissue, thus allowing staining of thick sections or whole mount preparations for confocal microscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of F-Actin in Olfactory Glomeruli: a Common Feature of Glomeruli Across Phyla

et al. 2002

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Using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin, we show that filamentous (F)-actin is strongly aggregated in olfactory glomeruli within primary olfactory centers of vertebrates and insects. Our comparative study demonstrates that aggregation of F-actin is a common feature of glomeruli across phyla, and is independent of glomerular architecture and/or the presence or absence of cellular borders around glomeruli formed by neurons or glial cells. The distribution of F-actin in axonal and dendritic compartments within glomeruli, however, appears different between vertebrates and insects. The potential role of the actin-based cytoskeleton in synaptic and structural plasticity within glomeruli is discussed.

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“…Fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin, which binds specifically to F-actin (25,26), labeled all known synaptic neuropils in the honey bee brain (Fig. 1) (21, 27).…”

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Emergence Rate and Duration Of Pupalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic organization in the adult honey bee brain is influenced by brood-temperature control during pupal development

Groh

Tautz

Rößler

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

223

240

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Recent studies have shown that the behavioral performance of adult honey bees is influenced by the temperature experienced during pupal development. Here we explore whether there are temperature-mediated effects on the brain. We raised pupae at different constant temperatures between 29 and 37°C and performed neuroanatomical analyses of the adult brains. Analyses focused on sensory-input regions in the mushroom bodies, brain areas associated with higher-order processing such as learning and memory. Distinct synaptic complexes [microglomeruli (MG)] within the mushroom body calyces were visualized by using fluorophoreconjugated phalloidin and an antibody to synapsin. The numbers of MG were different in bees that had been raised at different temperatures, and these differences persisted after the first week of adult life. In the olfactory-input region (lip), MG numbers were highest in bees raised at the temperature normally maintained in brood cells (34.5°C) and significantly decreased in bees raised at 1°C below and above this norm. Interestingly, in the neighboring visual-input region (collar), MG numbers were less affected by temperature. We conclude that thermoregulatory control of brood rearing can generate area-and modality-specific effects on synaptic neuropils in the adult brain. We propose that resulting differences in the synaptic circuitry may affect neuronal plasticity and may underlie temperature-mediated effects on multimodal communication and learning.I n honey bee colonies, brood temperature is controlled precisely within a temperature range of 33-36°C (1, 2). In the central brood area, fluctuations are as small as 35 Ϯ 0.5°C during the pupal period (3, 4). Exposure to strong deviations from normal brood temperatures is known to result in increased mortality and morphological deficits (1, 5). Environmentally induced temperature changes within the hive are compensated by individual honey bee workers via endothermic heat production or evaporation cooling (4, 6, 7). Thermoregulation during winter is achieved also by endothermic heat production, but with lower absolute temperatures and less precision compared with brood rearing in summer (8,9). A recent study demonstrated that the temperature experienced during pupal development influences the behavioral performance of adult bees (10). Worker bees that had been raised at lower temperatures (within the range of naturally occurring temperatures) performed less well in dance communication and olfactory learning than bees raised at higher temperatures.As in other holometabolous insects, postembryonic development in honey bees includes complete larval-adult metamorphosis. In the pupa, the larval nervous system becomes completely remodeled to accommodate the development of adultspecific sensory organs and motor systems, which are associated with the extraordinary changes in behavior. The hormonal and neuronal processes underlying this remarkable plasticity have been the subject of numerous studies, most of them performed on the sphinx moth (Manduca sexta) and...

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50 Jahre Phalloidin

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Bimodal processing of olfactory information in an amphibian nose: odor responses segregate into a medial and a lateral stream

Bimodal processing of olfactory information in an amphibian nose: odor responses segregate into a medial and a lateral stream

Aggregation of F-Actin in Olfactory Glomeruli: a Common Feature of Glomeruli Across Phyla

Synaptic organization in the adult honey bee brain is influenced by brood-temperature control during pupal development

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