50 Jahre organische und mineralische Düngung: Humusgehalte, N‐Ausnutzung und N‐Bilanzen

Walther, U.; Weisskopf, Peter; Oberholzer, Hans‐Rudolf; Knecht, K.

doi:10.1080/03650340109366177

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The Zurich Organic Fertilizer Experiment (ZOFE) compares twelve different fertilization treatments (organic and mineral fertilizers (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) and their combination) applied to a 8-year crop rotation including grass-clover ley (main species: Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grain maize (Zea mays L.), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (Oberholzer et al, 2014). Prior to the experiment, the field was a natural grassland under low intensity management (Walther et al, 2001). The experiment Demo87 (Demo) was set up to assess different nutrient deficiencies and compare mineral versus organic fertilization.…”

Section: Description Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices

Keel

Anken

Büchi

et al. 2019

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Soil carbon sequestration (SCS) is one of the cheapest and technically least demanding carbon dioxide (CO 2) removal (CDR) or negative CO 2 emission technologies. For a realistic assessment of SCS, it is critical to evaluate how much carbon (C) can be stored in soil organic matter under actual agricultural practices. This includes typical crop rotations and fertilization strategies, depends on resources that are available (e.g. farmyard manure (FYM)) and are affordable for farmers. Furthermore, it is important to assess SCS based on given climatic and soil conditions. Here, we evaluate changes in soil C storage for Switzerland using data from eleven long-term field experiments on cropland and permanent grassland that include common local practices. At all sites, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were measured in topsoil (∼0-0.2 m) in response to a total of 80 different treatments including different types of mineral or organic fertilization (e.g. FYM, slurry, peat, compost) or soil management (tillage vs. no-till). The treatments were applied to different, diverse crop rotations or grass mixtures that are representative for Switzerland. We found that topsoils lost C at an average rate of 0.29 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 , although many of the investigated treatments were expected to lead to SOC increases. Based on a linear mixed effects model we showed that SOC change rates (ΔSOC) were driven by C inputs to soil (harvest residues and organic fertilizer), soil cover and initial SOC stocks. The type of land use or soil tillage had no significant effect. Our analysis suggests that current efforts to manage soils sustainably need to be intensified and complemented with further techniques if Switzerland wants to achieve the goal of the 4 per 1000 initiative.

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Section: Description Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices

Keel

Anken

Büchi

et al. 2019

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…erho¨htes Umweltgefa¨hrdungspotenzial verbunden ist. (Lipavsky et al 2002;Walther et al 2001;Baumga¨rtel et al 2003;Zorn 2006). Goulding and Poulton (2001, p. 34) kommen in Auswertung der Ergebnisse der Dauerfeldversuche in Rothamsted (UK) zu der Aussage:…”

Section: Humusbilanzierungunclassified

Der organische Kohlenstoff im Boden (C_org) – Bedeutung, Bestimmung, Bewertung Soil organic carbon (C_org) – importance, determination, evaluation

Körschens¹

2010

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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Organic carbon is a precondition for soil formation and for the preservation of its fertility. It has a crucial importance for yield formation and for the environment, in particular for the global carbon cycle. Precision and accuracy of its determination is difficult due to the variability and heterogeneity in soil. In long-term field experiments on sandy soils the differences in soil organic carbon (C org ) between treatments 'without fertilization' and 'optimally supplied' amount partly less than 0.2% C org . Moreover, even extreme changes in management cause annual changes of C org of only less than 0.01%. Due to the high spatial and temporal variability the standard error of C org is 40.1%. An evidence of the changes in soil C org due to management requires investigations in regular intervals (annual, as far as possible) over a longer period (420 years). At present, only the 'Humus Balance Method' (Humusbilanzmethode; VDLUFA 2004) is a reliable tool to estimate the organic matter supply in the field. Recommendations to conclude the organic matter supply level from difference of two C org measurements are wrong and misleading. A reduction of the atmospheric CO 2 -concentration by carbon accumulation in arable soils is not relevant. In sandy soils only about 10% of organic amendments are accumulated.

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“…It is one of the oldest ongoing long‐term arable field experiments in Europe [see Franko et al (2011) for comparison]. The original aim of the experiment was to study the effects of different organic fertilizers and combinations with mineral fertilizers on crop yield, nutrient balance, and soil quality ( Walther et al, 2001a). The latter study indicated declining soil humus concentrations for many treatments and estimated higher N‐use efficiency for mineral than for organic fertilizers for the period 1949–1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soil carbon and crop yield over 60 years in the Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment, following land‐use change from grassland to cropland

Oberholzer

Leifeld

Mayer

2014

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Changes in land‐use and agricultural management affect soil organic C (SOC) storage and soil fertility. Grassland to cropland conversion is often accompanied by SOC losses. However, fertilization, crop rotation, and crop residue management can offset some SOC losses or even convert arable soils into C sinks. This paper presents the first assessment of changes in SOC stocks and crop yields in a 60‐year field trial, the Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment A493 (ZOFE) in Switzerland. The experiment comprises 12 treatments with different organic, inorganic and combined fertilization regimes. Since conversion to arable land use in 1949, all treatments have lost SOC at annual rates of 0.10–0.25 t C ha−1, with estimated mean annual C inputs from organic fertilizers and aboveground and belowground plant residues of 0.6–2.4 t C ha−1. In all treatments, SOC losses are still in progress, indicating that a new equilibrium has not yet been reached. Crop yields have responded sensitively to advances in plant breeding and in fertilization. However, in ZOFE high yields can only be ensured when mineral fertilizer is applied at rates typical for modern agriculture, with yields of main crops (winter wheat, maize, potatoes, clover‐grass ley) decreasing by 25–50% when manure without additional mineral fertilizer is applied. ZOFE shows that land‐use change from non‐intensively managed grassland to cropland leads to soil C losses of 15–40%, even in rotations including legumes and intercrops, improved agricultural management and organic fertilizer application.

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50 Jahre organische und mineralische Düngung: Humusgehalte, N‐Ausnutzung und N‐Bilanzen

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices

Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices

Der organische Kohlenstoff im Boden (C_org) – Bedeutung, Bestimmung, Bewertung Soil organic carbon (C_org) – importance, determination, evaluation

Changes in soil carbon and crop yield over 60 years in the Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment, following land‐use change from grassland to cropland

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50 Jahre organische und mineralische Düngung: Humusgehalte, N‐Ausnutzung und N‐Bilanzen

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices

Loss of soil organic carbon in Swiss long-term agricultural experiments over a wide range of management practices

Der organische Kohlenstoff im Boden (Corg) – Bedeutung, Bestimmung, Bewertung Soil organic carbon (Corg) – importance, determination, evaluation

Changes in soil carbon and crop yield over 60 years in the Zurich Organic Fertilization Experiment, following land‐use change from grassland to cropland

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Der organische Kohlenstoff im Boden (C_org) – Bedeutung, Bestimmung, Bewertung Soil organic carbon (C_org) – importance, determination, evaluation