50 Jahre Granitforschung

Mehnert, K. R.

doi:10.1007/bf01820569

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The development of sophisticated hydrothermal pressure vessels began to allow the experimental production of granitoid rocks by crystallization from water bearing synthetic melts (Tuttle 1955;Tuttle and Bowen 1958) as well as by metatectic and anatectic recrystallization from clays and graywackes (Winkler andvon Platen 1957-1961;Wyart and Sabatier 1959). Integration of the magmatic and transformistic theories ensued, although with a tendency to return to monistic concepts, however short-lived (Mehnert 1987;den Tex 1989), e.g. the persedimentary neohuttonism of Nieuwenkamp (1949Nieuwenkamp ( , 1956.…”

Section: Development O F Concepts On the Genesis O F Granitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punctuated equilibria between rival concepts of granite genesis in the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries

Tex

1990

Geological Journal

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A concise review of concepts dealing with the genesis of granite in the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries is given. Arguments are provided for the repeated recurrence of genetic concepts in an altered form which were separated by periods in which a rival concept was dominant. This type of development may be likened to Eldredge and Gould's (1972) punctuations of biological equilibrium. On the other hand phases of development may be recognized in which rival concepts tend to converge towards a unified content, thus conforming to the ‘tree of knowledge’ hypothesis of Popper (1972). In this context the two metaphors do not appear to be mutually exclusive.

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Section: Development O F Concepts On the Genesis O F Granitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punctuated equilibria between rival concepts of granite genesis in the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries

Tex

1990

Geological Journal

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“…The role of granite and granitic magma is crucial for the understanding of the magmatic processes, continental crust evolution, and tectonic setting of many terrains (e.g., White and Chappell, 1983;Atherton, 1993;Brown, 2013). There are various complexities in the genesis of granitoid magmas, but in general they fall into mantle and crustal processes: 1) fractional crystallization of mantlederived mafic magma is a major process in producing a wide diversity of granite compositions (e.g., Bowen, 1948;Huppert and Sparks, 1988;Pitcher, 1993); 2) hightemperature metamorphism leads to partial melting of the continental crust and the formation of granites (Winkler, 1965;Chappell and White, 1974;Ashworth, 1985;Mehnert, 1987). Most granitoids originate indirectly from the mantle or consist of mixtures of continental crust and mantle components (Wyllie, 1984;Atherton, 1990;Gray and Kemp, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb age, and tectonic constraints on the Bazman granitoid complex, southeast Iran

Boomeri¹,

Bagheri²,

Ishiyama³

et al. 2016

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The Bazman granitoid complex (BGC), including a large zoned pluton, intrudes into the upper Paleozoic sedimentary cover of the Lut block. It crops out on the southern slope of the Bazman volcano in Baluchestan Province of Iran. The intrusive rocks range from gabbro to various metaluminous to weakly peraluminous granites, and they are classified as I-type magmatic series. They display geochemical characteristics of typical volcanic arc magmatism at continental margins. Major-and trace-element variation diagrams show that fractional crystallization was the major process and crustal contamination, a subordinate process during the evolution of the BGC. The decrease in CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , P 2 O 5 , and Sr, as well as the increase of K 2 O and Rb with increasing silica, are possibly related to the fractionation of plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, and titanite, whereas the increasing K, Rb, Cs, Pb, and light rare earth elements (LREEs) can be explained by crustal contamination. The BGC rocks are enriched by large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, K, Cs) and the LREEs with respect to the high field strength elements (e.g., Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y) and heavy rare earth elements. New ID-TIMS U-Pb dating performed on zircon and titanite extracted from the granitic samples indicates that the BGC was emplaced during the late Cretaceous period at 83-72 Ma by subduction of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the Eurasian continent. Subsequently, the complex became part of the Lut block when it probably rotated counter-clockwise with respect to the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and the Urumieh-Dokhtar volcano-plutonic belt.

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“…So much so that even Eskola (1955) who had started as a convinced magmatist was later able to accept that 'metasomatic granitization' could be important in the formation of some granites. To most geologists today it would appear that the magmatists won, although even with geochemical arguments such as those of Nockolds lending crucial support, it is still not unanimous (see Mehnert 1987;Kresten 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Granite magmatism

Atherton

1995

Memoirs

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Read's two presidential addresses to the Geological Society (1948, 1949) heralded the end of the coherent rearguard action by the 'granitizers' against the 'magmatists'. They were the distillation of his thoughts on the genesis of granite and culminated in his concept of the 'Granite Series'. In this, he identified a continuity from metamorphic through migmatitic rocks to granite. Although he was wrong on granitization, the general idea remains intact and granites are produced by high-temperature metamorphism leading to partial melting. However the role of migmatites is still contentious. Not all granites belong to the granite series as he presented it; this particularly applies to Cordilleran (Andean) type granites. The genesis of this type will be discussed in the context of the earlier, classic work of Nockolds (1940) on the Garabal Hill complex where he demonstrated fractional crystallization was a major process in producing the diversity present and was similar to that seen in volcanic rocks, which had clearly been liquids. He also proposed that the source was basaltic with the implication, strongly supported by modern isotopic studies, that granites of this type are essentially mantle derived. Nockolds contribution was a geochemical confirmation of Bowen's belief in the importance of closed-system fractional crystallization in the differentiation of plutonic rocks. Most authorities today would accept this but would not necessarily follow Bowen in the belief that major granitic batholiths formed by differentiation of basalt or that the system was closed. Recent models of the generation of the two main types of granite are presented, incorporating many of the ideas of Nockolds and Read. The discussion focuses on high-level differentiation, partial melting and intrusion in an extensional regime, high-T/low-P metamorphism associated with the magmatism, and 209-238.

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50 Jahre Granitforschung

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Punctuated equilibria between rival concepts of granite genesis in the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries

Punctuated equilibria between rival concepts of granite genesis in the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries

Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb age, and tectonic constraints on the Bazman granitoid complex, southeast Iran

Granite magmatism

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