5: Storage And Computation In The Mental Lexicon

Baayen, R. Harald

doi:10.1163/9780080548692_006

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…But experimental tasks requiring talkers to say words one at a time are unreliable means of detecting the effects of word frequency: As we have pointed out before (Gahl, 2008), naming tasks in which words or short phrases are produced one at a time provide a highly unreliable means of detecting effects of lexical frequency on phonetic realization. In part, this is due to even pacing in word lists (Kello & Plaut, 2003); in part, it is due to effects of words processed during the experiment itself (Baayen, 2007; see e.g. Baayen, Wurm, & Aycock, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical competition in vowel articulation revisited: Vowel dispersion in the Easy/Hard database

Gahl

2015

Journal of Phonetics

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A B S T R A C TA widely-cited study investigating effects of recognition difficulty on the phonetic realization of words (Wright, 2004). Factors of lexical competition in vowel articulation. In J. Local, R. Ogden & R. Temple (Eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology, Vol. VI (pp. 26-50)) reported that vowel dispersion, i.e. distance from the center of the talker's F1/F2 space, was greater in words that represented difficult recognition targets ('hard' words) than in easy recognition targets ('easy' words). The goal of the current study was to test whether that effect persisted when controlling for known other determinants of F1 and F2. A second goal was to test whether the pattern observed in the recordings analysed in Wright (2004) extended to all monophthongs in the set of recordings of which the words analysed in Wright (2004) formed a subset. We find that the dispersion difference between 'easy' and 'hard' words vowel dispersion is expected, given previous observations about effects of phonetic environment on vowel formants. When segmental context is taken into account, recognition difficulty fails to be predictive of vowel dispersion, both in the subset and in the larger database. An analysis of the fitted values of models of F1 and F2 based on consonantal factors (but not recognition difficulty) shows that the formant values predicted by those models separate vowels in "easy" and "hard" words in the manner observed in W2004. We discuss the implications for the effect of phonological neighbourhood density on language production, and for the relationship between lexical retrieval, auditory recognition difficulty and pronunciation variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical competition in vowel articulation revisited: Vowel dispersion in the Easy/Hard database

Gahl

2015

Journal of Phonetics

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“…It is important to note that the lexeme and variant selection processes are not necessarily based on the same principles. The competitive nature of lexeme selection for lexical words (not variants) is well attested in spoken word recognition (e.g., Dufour & Peereman, 2003), but still debated in the word production literature (see Baayen, 2007, for discussion). To our knowledge, the mechanisms underlying the selection of variants have not been examined either for production or comprehension so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We ask whether the variant selection process in production involves competition. Whereas the competitive nature of lexeme selection is well accepted in word recognition (e.g., McQueen, Norris, & Cutler, 1994;Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 1995; see also Broersma & Cutler, 2011, or Dufour & Peereman, 2003, researchers disagree as to whether lexeme selection in production is based on competition (Baayen, 2007, for an extensive discussion and review of the literature on competition effects in word production) or not (e.g., Levelt, Roelofs, & Meyer, 1999). Importantly, however, the lexeme and variant selection processes are not necessarily based on the same principles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Producing and recognizing words with two pronunciation variants: Evidence from novel schwa words

Bürki

Frauenfelder

2012

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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This study examined the lexical representations and psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying the production and recognition of novel words with two pronunciation variants in French. Participants first learned novel schwa words (e.g., /ʃənyk/), which varied in their alternating status (i.e., whether these words were learned with one or two variants) and, for alternating words, in the frequency of their variants. They were then tested in picture-naming (free or induced) and recognition memory tasks (i.e., deciding whether spoken items were learned during the experiment or not). Results for free naming show an influence of variant frequency on responses, more frequent variants being produced more often. Moreover, our data show an effect of the alternating status of the novel words on naming latencies, with longer latencies for alternating than for nonalternating novel words. These induced naming results suggest that both variants are stored as lexical entries and compete during the lexeme selection process. Results for recognition show an effect of variant frequency on reaction times and no effect of variant type (i.e., schwa versus reduced variant). Taken together, our findings suggest that participants both comprehend and produce novel French schwa words using two lexical representations, one for each variant.

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“…On the other hand, results by Baayen, Feldman and Schreuder (2006) indicate that complexity of the inflectional paradigm is also one of the facilitating factors in lexical access. Baayen (2007) claims that, in our mental lexicon, words with more complex and informationally rich paradigms have more links to other words than words with simpler and poorer paradigms. In addition, Milin, Đurđević and Moscoso del Prado Martín (2009) and Baayen, Milin, Đurđević, Hendrix and Marelli (2011) have operationalised the complexity of words through the probabilities of all inflectional variants between a word's paradigm and inflectional type.…”

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confidence: 99%