5 Sperm Nuclear Activation during Fertilization

Wright, Shirley J.

doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60328-2

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…This means that, in the pig, the sex chromosomes are probably some of the last chromosomes to be affected by their new, maternal, cytoplasmic environment after fertilization. After inclusion of the sperm nucleus after fertilization into the oocyte, the nuclear envelope breaks down, sperm chromatin immediately starts to decondense and associate with factors in the oocyte cytoplasm such as maternal histones (Wright, 1999) and nuclear structural components. It is highly likely that certain domains of chromatin are decondensed and remodelled at different times leading to different levels of control and consequently different gene expression patterns in the early embryo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also a form of epigenetic control over the paternal genome that could be affected by chromosome location in the sperm nucleus. Another is DNA replication, which is initiated in sperm pronuclei at ~12 hours after fertilization (Wright, 1999). Chromosome position in the sperm head might influence where chromatin is positioned in the pronucleus and replication might be initiated at specific regions, leading to chromatin that could be classed as early and late replicating, and possibly associated with different pools or amounts of chromatin-binding proteins, setting up epigenetic patterns in the paternal genome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-random chromosome positioning in mammalian sperm nuclei, with migration of the sex chromosomes during late spermatogenesis

Foster

Abeydeera²,

Griffin

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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Chromosomes are highly organized and\ud compartmentalized in cell nuclei. The analysis of their\ud position is a powerful way to monitor genome organization\ud in different cell types and states. Evidence suggests that the\ud organization of the genome could be functionally important\ud for influencing different cellular and developmental\ud processes, particularly at early stages of development (i.e.\ud fertilization and the consequent entry of the sperm nucleus\ud into the egg). The position of chromosomes in the sperm\ud nucleus might be crucial, because their location could\ud determine the time at which particular chromatin domains\ud are decondensed and remodelled, allowing some epigenetic\ud level of control or influence over subsequent paternal gene\ud expression in the embryo. Here, we analyse genome\ud organization by chromosome position in mammalian\ud sperm nuclei from three breeds of pig, as a model species.\ud We have mapped the preferential position of all\ud chromosomes (bar one) in sperm nuclei in two dimensions\ud and have established that the sex chromosomes are the\ud most internally localized chromosomes in mature sperm.\ud The distribution of two autosomes and chromosomes X and\ud Y in sperm heads was compared in primary and secondary\ud spermatocytes and spermatids in porcine testes. The sex\ud chromosomes were found at the nuclear edge in primary\ud spermatocytes, which correlates with the known position of\ud the XY body and their position in somatic cells, whereas,\ud in spermatids, the sex chromosomes were much more\ud centrally located, mirroring the position of these\ud chromosomes in ejaculated spermatozoa. This study\ud reveals the temporal repositioning of chromosome\ud territories in spermatogenesis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-random chromosome positioning in mammalian sperm nuclei, with migration of the sex chromosomes during late spermatogenesis

Foster

Abeydeera²,

Griffin

et al. 2005

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Accordingly, the addition of membranes to the extracts results in larger nuclei that accommodate further chromatin decondensation (Philpott et al, 1991;Wright, 1999) also known as secondary decondensation or nuclear swelling ( Fig. 5C; supplementary material Fig.…”

Section: Lsd1 Is Not Essential For Chromatin Decondensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lysine demethylase LSD1 is required for nuclear envelope formation at the end of mitosis

Schooley

Moreno-Andrés

Magistris

et al. 2015

Journal of Cell Science

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The metazoan nucleus breaks down and reassembles during each cell division. Upon mitotic exit, the successful reestablishment of an interphase nucleus requires the coordinated reorganization of chromatin and formation of a functional nuclear envelope. Here, we report that the histone demethylase LSD1 (also known as KDM1A) plays a crucial role in nuclear assembly at the end of mitosis. Downregulation of LSD1 in cells extends telophase and impairs nuclear pore complex assembly. In vitro, LSD1 demethylase activity is required for the recruitment of MEL28 (also known as ELYS and AHCTF1) and nuclear envelope precursor vesicles to chromatin, crucial steps in nuclear reassembly. Accordingly, the formation of a closed nuclear envelope and nuclear pore complex assembly are impaired upon depletion of LSD1 or inhibition of its activity. Our results identify histone demethylation by LSD1 as a new regulatory mechanism linking the chromatin state and nuclear envelope formation at the end of mitosis.

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“…Stage specificity of damage-induced p21 activation at day 3.5 embryos Tightly packed sperm DNA decondense after fertilization in zygotes (Wright, 1999). Hence, DNA lesions in irradiated sperm are expected to induce a series of damage response in the zygotes and in developing embryos.…”

Section: Transcriptional Activation Of Genes During Early Mouse Embrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a fail-safe system, cells are endowed with yet another damage response of apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells (Wright, 1999). The preimplantation stage mouse embryos are highly sensitive to radiation (Goldstein et al, 1975), and this could be owing to a peculiarity of the damage responses of the early-stage embryos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%