5 Climate change effects on the biodiversity of mycotoxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in preharvest conditions in Europe

Moretti, Antonio; Logrieco, Antonio F.

doi:10.1515/9783110333619-007

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Italy is among the most important producers of wheat and wheat-derived food worldwide, and much attention is addressed to quality agricultural productions being characterized as the “Made in Italy” foodstuffs. Since decades ago, several studies have been carried out to monitor mycotoxigenic fungal species and mycotoxin contamination on wheat and other cereals in Italy [ 28 , 29 ]. However, almost all studies were focused on Fusarium and related mycotoxins, while Alternaria occurrence has been poorly investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy

Ramires

Masiello

Somma

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Wheat, the main source of carbohydrates worldwide, can be attacked by a wide number of phytopathogenic fungi, included Alternaria species. Alternaria species commonly occur on wheat worldwide and produce several mycotoxins such as tenuazonic acid (TA), alternariol (AOH), alternariol-monomethyl ether (AME), and altenuene (ALT), provided of haemato-toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities. The contamination by Alternaria species of wheat kernels, collected in Tuscany, Italy, from 2013 to 2016, was evaluated. Alternaria contamination was detected in 93 out of 100 field samples, with values ranging between 1 and 73% (mean of 18%). Selected strains were genetically characterized by multi-locus gene sequencing approach through combined sequences of allergen alt1a, glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and translation elongation factor 1α genes. Two well defined groups were generated; namely sections Alternaria and Infectoriae. Representative strains were analyzed for mycotoxin production. A different mycotoxin profile between the sections was shown. Of the 54 strains analyzed for mycotoxins, all strains included in Section Alternaria produced AOH and AME, 40 strains (99%) produced TA, and 26 strains (63%) produced ALT. On the other hand, only a very low capability to produce both AOH and AME was recorded among the Section Infectoriae strains. These data show that a potential mycotoxin risk related to the consumption of Alternaria contaminated wheat is high.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy

Ramires

Masiello

Somma

et al. 2018

Toxins

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“…Not only will temperature increases alter growth and toxigenic potential of fungal pathogens, but also their ability to compete will be affected. Novel mycotoxin-commodity combinations are of further concern and allow new fungal genotypes with high aggressiveness and increased mycotoxin production [ 21 ], including TTF that are capable of producing novel secondary metabolites. Indeed, virulent fungi are displacing conventional ones at an increasing rate [ 22 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Climate Change On Mycotoxigenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aflatoxin outbreaks are most severe in tropical and subtropical areas around the world [ 21 ]: Aflatoxin production was optimum at 28–30 °C, but ceased at 37 °C [ 30 ], which are within the tropical temperature range. Low rainfall and maximum temperature affected aflatoxin contamination in maize in Georgia, USA [ 31 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Climate Change On Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T-2 and HT-2 toxin contamination are more prevalent on oats and barley in the UK, related to F. langsethiae detection in grains [ 44 ] and by implication, climate change. In addition, this species has become prevalent on barley in recent years in northern France [ 21 ] and produces toxins [ 36 ]. High temperatures favor growth of the fumonisin producer Fusarium verticillioides in maize [ 33 ].…”

Section: Succession Events Involving Mycotoxigenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Will current control/mitigation strategies control thermophilic fungi and minimize toxin contamination when marked global warming becomes normal [ 38 ]? Knowledge of environmental factors that may allow TTF to grow, survive, and interact with plants is important in order to better understand the variation in the population structures of these fungi, their interactions with crop plants, and the ability to produce mycotoxins [ 21 ], especially important under climate change.…”

Section: Thermotolerant and Thermophilic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophilic Fungi to Dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi on Food under Global Warming

Paterson

Lima

2017

IJERPH

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Certain filamentous fungi produce mycotoxins that contaminate food. Mycotoxin contamination of crops is highly influenced by environmental conditions and is already affected by global warming, where there is a succession of mycotoxigenic fungi towards those that have higher optimal growth temperatures. Aflatoxigenic fungi are at the highest limit of temperature although predicted increases in temperature are beyond that constraint. The present paper discusses what will succeed these fungi and represents the first such consideration. Aflatoxins are the most important mycotoxins and are common in tropical produce, much of which is exported to temperate regions. Hot countries may produce safer food under climate change because aflatoxigenic fungi will be inhibited. The same situation will occur in previously temperate regions where these fungi have recently appeared, although decades later. Existing thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi (TTF) will dominate, in contrast to the conventional mycotoxigenic fungi adapting or mutating, as it will be quicker. TTF produce a range of secondary metabolites, or potential mycotoxins and patulin which may become a new threat. In addition, Aspergillus fumigatus will appear more frequently, a serious human pathogen, because it is (a) thermotolerant and (b) present on crops: hence this is an even greater problem. An incubation temperature of 41 °C needs employing forthwith to detect TTF. Finally, TTF in crops requires study because of the potential for diseases in humans and animals under climate change.

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Ecology and Biotechnology of Thermophilic Fungi on Crops Under Global Warming

Paterson

Lima

2019

Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance

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5 Climate change effects on the biodiversity of mycotoxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in preharvest conditions in Europe

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy

Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Characterization of Alternaria Species Isolated from Wheat Grown in Tuscany, Italy

Thermophilic Fungi to Dominate Aflatoxigenic/Mycotoxigenic Fungi on Food under Global Warming

Ecology and Biotechnology of Thermophilic Fungi on Crops Under Global Warming

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