5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine increases hypoxia tolerance-dependent autophagy in mouse neuronal cells by initiating the TSC1/mTOR pathway

Qi, Ruifang; Zhang, Xiaolu; Xie, Yandong; Jiang, Shuyuan; Li, You; Xie, Wei; Jia, Xiaoe; Bade, Rengui; Ruili, Shi; Li, Sijie; Ren, Chang­hong; Gong, Kerui; Zhang, Chunyang; Shao, Guo

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109219

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Increased degradation of amino acids in the TCA cycle whose flux is limited by OGDHC, is in good accordance with the negative correlations between the OGDHC activity and the levels of cerebellar amino acids after hypoxia, in contrast to normal metabolism (Table 3). It is worth noting in this regard that hypoxic tolerance is associated with the mTOR-dependent autophagy [43]. Increased autophagy may generate the higher amino acid levels after hypoxia (Table 2) to use them for the substrate-level ADP phosphorylation in the hypoxic brain of non-pregnant rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy

Граф

Trofimova

Ksenofontov

et al. 2020

Cells

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Function of brain amino acids as neurotransmitters or their precursors implies changes in the amino acid levels and/or metabolism in response to physiological and environmental challenges. Modelling such challenges by pregnancy and/or hypoxia, we characterize the amino acid pool in the rat cerebellum, quantifying the levels and correlations of 15 amino acids and activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC). The parameters are systemic indicators of metabolism because OGDHC limits the flux through mitochondrial TCA cycle, where amino acids are degraded and their precursors synthesized. Compared to non-pregnant state, pregnancy increases the cerebellar content of glutamate and tryptophan, decreasing interdependence between the quantified components of amino acid metabolism. In response to hypoxia, the dependence of cerebellar amino acid pool on OGDHC and the average levels of arginine, glutamate, lysine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan increase in non-pregnant rats only. This is accompanied by a higher hypoxic resistance of the non-pregnant vs. pregnant rats, pointing to adaptive significance of the hypoxia-induced changes in the cerebellar amino acid metabolism. These adaptive mechanisms are not effective in the pregnancy-changed metabolic network. Thus, the cerebellar amino acid levels and OGDHC activity provide sensitive markers of the physiology-dependent organization of metabolic network and its stress adaptations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy

Граф

Trofimova

Ksenofontov

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…This indication for MB-associated hypoxia was independently supported by the present metabolomics data demonstrating an up-regulation of tryptophan, methionine, serine and lysine ( Figure 4 B), in accordance with existing literature reporting a hypoxic adaptation of the cerebellum in association with the up-regulation of these amino acids [ 41 ]. This adaptive metabolic response most likely resulted from autophagy and mTOR signaling consequent to hypoxia [ 49 , 50 ]. The most strongly and significantly induced metabolite, tryptophan, has been reported to be abnormally high in cachexia [ 51 ], a syndrome frequently occurring in medulloblastoma [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of a Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment in Recurrent Medulloblastoma: A Multi-Omics Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Reichl

Niederstaetter

Boegl

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Molecular classification of medulloblastoma (MB) is well-established and reflects the cell origin and biological properties of tumor cells. However, limited data is available regarding the MB tumor microenvironment. Here, we present a mass spectrometry-based multi-omics pilot study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from recurrent MB patients. A group of age-matched patients without a neoplastic disease was used as control cohort. Proteome profiling identified characteristic tumor markers, including FSTL5, ART3, and FMOD, and revealed a strong prevalence of anti-inflammatory and tumor-promoting proteins characteristic for alternatively polarized myeloid cells in MB samples. The up-regulation of ADAMTS1, GAP43 and GPR37 indicated hypoxic conditions in the CSF of MB patients. This notion was independently supported by metabolomics, demonstrating the up-regulation of tryptophan, methionine, serine and lysine, which have all been described to be induced upon hypoxia in CSF. While cyclooxygenase products were hardly detectable, the epoxygenase product and beta-oxidation promoting lipid hormone 12,13-DiHOME was found to be strongly up-regulated. Taken together, the data suggest a vicious cycle driven by autophagy, the formation of 12,13-DiHOME and increased beta-oxidation, thus promoting a metabolic shift supporting the formation of drug resistance and stem cell properties of MB cells. In conclusion, the different omics-techniques clearly synergized and mutually supported a novel model for a specific pathomechanism.

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“…p70S6K is one of the downstream targets of mTOR [ 66 , 67 ]. The p-mTOR and p-p70S6k proteins are regarded as markers of mTOR activity [ 68 ]. However, controversy exists regarding whether mTOR activity is beneficial or detrimental to the damaged brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Neuron-Like Cell Transplantation Combined with Electroacupuncture Improves Synaptic Plasticity in Rats with Intracerebral Hemorrhage via mTOR/p70S6K Signaling

Yang

Zhu

Zhan

et al. 2022

Stem Cells International

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Previous studies have shown that the combination of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation and electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation is a neuroprotective strategy for treating intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the underlying mechanisms by which the combined treatment promotes neuroprotection remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the combined treatment on synaptic plasticity and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Therefore, rat ICH models were established by injecting collagenase and heparin, and the animals were randomly divided into model control (MC), EA stimulation (EA), MSC-derived neuron-like cell transplantation (MSC-dNLCs), and MSC-dNLC transplantation combined with EA stimulation (MSC-dNLCs+EA) groups. We observed the ultrastructure of the brain and measured the brain water content (BWC) and the levels of the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), galactocerebrosidase (GALC), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) proteins. We also measured the levels of the phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) proteins, as well as the expression of synapse-related proteins. The BWC increased in rats after ICH and decreased significantly in ICH rats treated with MSC-dNLC transplantation, EA stimulation, or combined therapy. Meanwhile, after ICH, the number of blood vessels increased more evidently, but only the combined treatment reduced the number of blood vessels among rats receiving the three treatments. Moreover, the levels of MAP2, GALC, postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), and synaptophysin (SYP) proteins, as well as the levels of the phosphorylated mTOR and p70S6k proteins, increased in the MSC-dNLCs+EA group compared with those in the MSC-dNLCs and EA groups. Compared with the MC group, GFAP expression was significantly reduced in the MSC-dNLCs, EA, and MSC-dNLCs+EA groups, but the differences among the three treatment groups were not significant. In addition, the number of synapses increased only in the MSC-dNLCs+EA group compared to the MC group. Based on these data, the combination of MSC-dNLC transplantation and EA stimulation exerts a synergistic effect on improving the consequences of ICH by relieving cerebral edema and glial scarring, promoting the survival of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and activating mTOR/p70S6K signaling to enhance synaptic plasticity.

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5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine increases hypoxia tolerance-dependent autophagy in mouse neuronal cells by initiating the TSC1/mTOR pathway

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy

Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy

Determination of a Tumor-Promoting Microenvironment in Recurrent Medulloblastoma: A Multi-Omics Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Neuron-Like Cell Transplantation Combined with Electroacupuncture Improves Synaptic Plasticity in Rats with Intracerebral Hemorrhage via mTOR/p70S6K Signaling

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