5. Attachment, Exploration, and Separation: Illustrated by the Behavior of One-Year-Olds in a Strange Situation

Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter; Bell, Silvia M.

doi:10.7312/stei93738-006

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…When referring to attachment as it is traditionally measured, we are distinguishing between attachment as measured by current research on the human-companion animal relationship and as defined (e.g., Bowlby 1969) and measured (e.g., Ainsworth and Wittig 1969) by attachment theorists using the Strange Situation, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), or other standard methods of assessing attachment. To use the term "attachment" to describe the human-companion animal bond may be confusing for those familiar with attachment theory because current scales measuring human attachment to companion animals are not necessarily congruent with attachment theory.…”

Section: Use Of the Term "Attachment"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two gold standards are the most frequently used and accepted methods of assessing attachment with human dyads: the Strange Situation and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). The Strange Situation, developed by Ainsworth and Wittig in 1969, is a laboratory procedure used to assess infant attachment to a caregiver (Ainsworth et al 1978). The procedure consists of several episodes in specific order that activate/intensify infant attachment behavior (e.g., seeking proximity).…”

Section: Use Of the Term "Attachment"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benefits derived from companion animals, and the use of the term “attachment”

2006

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Researchers have discovered that companion animals can physically and psychologically benefit their owners, and some argue that one's attachment to a companion animal influences those benefits. However, those studying the human-companion animal bond have used measures of attachment that may not be congruent with the school of attachment theory as it is applied to human-human relationships. We propose that the term "attachment" applied to human-companion animal relationships in research to date may share aspects of traditional attachment theory, but does not necessarily parallel attachment theory accurately. This paper provides a discussion of the similarities and differences between traditional attachment theory and measurements of human-companion animal attachment, and a review of the literature on physical and psychological benefits derived from companion animals. We conclude with a brief discussion of new research and future directions.

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Section: Use Of the Term "Attachment"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of the Term "Attachment"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits derived from companion animals, and the use of the term “attachment”

2006

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“…The standardized Strange Situation was administered according to Ainsworth and Wittig (1969). The second and third contexts of observation were the free-play and second reunion episodes of the Strange Situation, respectively.…”

Section: Situations and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connection and separation in the infant-mother dyad: Patterns of touch and use of interpersonal space

Brown

Pipp

Martz

et al. 1993

Infant Ment. Health J.

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Infant‐mother boundaries were operationalized in terms of body‐to‐body contact and use of interpersonal space. The unit of observation was the infant‐mother dyad. Infants between the ages of 12 and 24 months and their mothers were observed in three situations: self‐ and mother‐recognition tasks, and the free‐play and second reunion episodes of the Strange Situation. Infant‐mother touch and the pattern of proximity‐distality were principally determined by context of interaction; and, in the more stressful and more structured situations, the connection‐separation balance favored connection, whereas in the free‐play situation the balance favored separation. Infant‐mother touch and use of interpersonal space were not found to be isomorphic to attachment; in addition, attachment interacted with age and gender of the infant to describe level of connection‐separation. Results are discussed in the context of working models of the relationship and formation of boundaries.

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“…Attachment theorists maintain that the infant arrives with active strategies for engaging with the external world (Ainsworth 1969;Bowlby /1982. This thinking marked a dramatic departure from Bowlby's analytic training, as historically psychoanalysts thought of the baby's earliest experiences as driven by need-gratification, for example the need for food.…”

Section: Attachment Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This thinking marked a dramatic departure from Bowlby's analytic training, as historically psychoanalysts thought of the baby's earliest experiences as driven by need-gratification, for example the need for food. They believed the baby was oriented in a boundary-less way to the breast (Ainsworth 1969). Early object relations theorists held the notion that some aspects of relationships, such differentiation and distinctness in the mind of the infant, existed from the very beginning of life.…”

Section: Attachment Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment-Based Clinical Work with Children and Adolescents

2013

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5. Attachment, Exploration, and Separation: Illustrated by the Behavior of One-Year-Olds in a Strange Situation

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Benefits derived from companion animals, and the use of the term “attachment”

Benefits derived from companion animals, and the use of the term “attachment”

Connection and separation in the infant-mother dyad: Patterns of touch and use of interpersonal space

Attachment-Based Clinical Work with Children and Adolescents

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