5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) - a multifunctional amino acid as a plant growth stimulator and stress tolerance factor.

Murooka, Yoshikatsu; Tanaka, Takemi; Anjum, Nishat; Gill, S. S.; Gill, Rafaqat Ali

doi:10.1079/9781780642734.0018

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The application of bioregulators (plant growth regulators and endogenous plant hormones) to plants is an effective way to enhance photosynthesis. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an essential precursor to tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants, and it plays key roles in various physiological and biochemical processes, including heme and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis [ 11 ], hormonal activities [ 12 , 13 ], resistance to various stresses [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and fruit coloration [ 17 , 18 ]. The important role of ALA in photosynthesis was revealed by applying it exogenously to plants growing under normal [ 19 , 20 ] and stressful conditions [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] and through the study of endogenous ALA-overproducing transgenic plants [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Responses of Canola to Exogenous Application or Endogenous Overproduction of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) under Various Nitrogen Levels

Feng

Gao

et al. 2020

Plants

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Limited data are available on the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on plant photosynthesis in relation to the nitrogen (N) level. In this study, we investigate photosynthetic responses to ALA in canola plants (Brassica napus L.). We used wild-type plants without ALA addition (controls), wild-type plants with exogenous ALA application, and transgenic plants that endogenously overproduced ALA. The plants were grown hydroponically in nutrient solutions with low, middle, and high concentrations of N. Our results indicate that plants in both treatment groups had higher chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rates and lower intracellular CO2 concentrations in the leaves, as compared to controls. Furthermore, simultaneous measurement of prompt chlorophyll fluorescence and modulated 820-nm reflections showed that the active photosystem II (PS II) reaction centers, electron transfer capacity, and photosystem I (PS I) activity were all higher in treated plants than controls at all N levels; however, the responses of some photochemical processes to ALA were significantly affected by the N level. For example, under low N conditions only, a negative ΔK peak appeared in the prompt chlorophyll fluorescence curve, indicating a protective effect of ALA on electron donation via activation of the oxygen-evolving complex. Taken together, our findings suggest that ALA contributes to the promotion of photosynthesis by regulating photosynthetic electron transport under various N levels. These findings may provide a new strategy for improving photosynthesis in crops grown in N-poor conditions or reduced N-fertilization requirements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Responses of Canola to Exogenous Application or Endogenous Overproduction of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) under Various Nitrogen Levels

Feng

Gao

et al. 2020

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an essential biosynthetic precursor of tetrapyrrole molecules, acts as a new-type plant growth regulator. ALA has gained increasing attention because of its multiple physiological roles in plants, such as increasing plant resistance to various stresses, and improving plant photosynthesis (Akram and Ashraf, 2013; Murooka and Tanaka, 2014). In fruit production, ALA has been demonstrated to be effective for the promotion of fruit coloration in several fruit crops, including apple (Xie et al, 2013; Zhang L. Y. et al, 2015), peach (Guo et al, 2013), pear (Xiao et al, 2012), and litchi (Feng et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics and SSH Analyses of ALA-Promoted Fruit Coloration and Evidence for the Involvement of a MADS-Box Gene, MdMADS1

Feng

Zheng

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Skin color is a key quality attribute of fruits and how to improve fruit coloration has long been a major concern. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a natural plant growth regulator, can significantly increase anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin and therefore effectively improve coloration of many fruits, including apple. However, the molecular mechanism how ALA stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin remains unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of ALA on apple skin at the protein and mRNA levels. A total of 85 differentially expressed proteins in apple skins between ALA and water treatment (control) were identified by complementary gel-based and gel-free separation techniques. Most of these differentially expressed proteins were up-regulated by ALA. Function analysis suggested that 87.06% of the ALA-responsive proteins were associated with fruit ripening. To further screen ALA-responsive regulators, we constructed a subtracted cDNA library (tester: ALA treatment; driver: control) and obtained 104 differentially expressed unigenes, of which 38 unigenes were indicators for the fruit ripening-related genes. The differentially changed proteins and transcripts did not correspond well at an individual level, but showed similar regulated direction in function at the pathway level. Among the identified fruit ripening-related genes, the expression of MdMADS1, a developmental transcription regulator of fruit ripening, was positively correlated with expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (MdCHS, MdDFR, MdLDOX, and MdUFGT) in apple skin under ALA treatment. Moreover, overexpression of MdMADS1 enhanced anthocyanin content in transformed apple calli, which was further enhanced by ALA. The anthocyanin content in MdMADS1-silenced calli was less than that in the control with ALA treatment, but higher than that without ALA treatment. These results indicated that MdMADS1 is involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, anthocyanin-related verification in apple calli suggested that the regulation of MdMADS1 on anthocyanin biosynthesis was partially independent of fruit ripening process. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the mechanism how ALA regulates anthocyanin accumulation and add new information on transcriptase regulators of fruit coloration.

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5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) - a multifunctional amino acid as a plant growth stimulator and stress tolerance factor.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Photosynthetic Responses of Canola to Exogenous Application or Endogenous Overproduction of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) under Various Nitrogen Levels

Photosynthetic Responses of Canola to Exogenous Application or Endogenous Overproduction of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) under Various Nitrogen Levels

Proteomics and SSH Analyses of ALA-Promoted Fruit Coloration and Evidence for the Involvement of a MADS-Box Gene, MdMADS1

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