5-amino levulinic acid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

Sakurai, Yoshio; Tun, Mya Myat Ngwe; Kurosaki, Yohei; Sakura, Takaya; Inaoka, Daniel Ken; Fujine, Kiyotaka; Kita, Kiyoshi; Morita, Kouichi; Yasuda, Jiro

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.091

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although 5-ALA was shown to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro [23], its efficacy for COVID-19 patients should be investigated further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on production of antibodies against classical swine fever live vaccine

Kobayashi¹

2021

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a bioactive compound, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which has been reported to exhibit an immune-boosting effect, using a classical live swine fever (CSF) vaccine experimental model in pigs. Methods: First, the effect of two different 5-ALA doses was evaluated by measuring the blood CSF viral load in male and female micro miniature pigs after vaccination with live vaccines. The CSF vaccine had a low inducing effect on antibody production in females, which improved after administration of 5-ALA by enhancing Th2 immunity as indicated by elevated interleukin-10 levels. Next, using male micro miniature pigs, the change in body weight was measured from the time before inoculation with the live vaccine to 28 days after inoculation, and the pattern of IgM and IgG antibody production after 5-ALA administration was examined. Results: Preventive doses of 5-ALA enabled the continuous production of IgG antibodies at the same rate as found in control pigs not receiving 5-ALA; however, the switch to IgG production was delayed during 5-ALA treatment. Oral administration of 5-ALA kept the testing male pigs healthy, showing normal growth. Conclusions: This suggested that the heme synthesis-promoting effects of 5-ALA simultaneously promoted the conversion of B cells into plasma cells.Keywords: functional food, 5-ALA, human equivalent dose, pig, classical swine fever

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“…Although 5-ALA was shown to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro [23], its efficacy for COVID-19 patients should be investigated further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on production of antibodies against classical swine fever live vaccine

Kobayashi¹

2021

FFHD

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“…Ben-Hur and colleague showed that 5-Aminolevulinic Acid supplementation followed by photodynamic therapy was effective both in-vivo and in-vitro to inactivate intracellular herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Smetana et al, 1997 ). More recently, Japanese researchers have shown that pretreatment with this amino acid blocked the SARS-CoV-2 infection in both VeroE6 cells and human colon-derived Caco-2 cells in a time-dependent manner (Sakurai et al, 2021 ). Mechanistically, 5-ALA supplementation induced accumulation of protoporphyrin IX and heme inside host cells, that interfered with viral replication through targeting the G-quadruplex (G4) structure within the virus nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) (Sakurai et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Japanese researchers have shown that pretreatment with this amino acid blocked the SARS-CoV-2 infection in both VeroE6 cells and human colon-derived Caco-2 cells in a time-dependent manner (Sakurai et al, 2021 ). Mechanistically, 5-ALA supplementation induced accumulation of protoporphyrin IX and heme inside host cells, that interfered with viral replication through targeting the G-quadruplex (G4) structure within the virus nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) (Sakurai et al, 2021 ). 5-Aminolevulinic Acid is bioavailable orally and could potentially be used for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention (Sakurai et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva metabolomic profile of COVID-19 patients associates with disease severity

et al. 2022

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Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly linked to dysregulation of various molecular, cellular, and physiological processes that change abundance of different biomolecules including metabolites that may be ultimately used as biomarkers for disease progression and severity. It is important at early stage to readily distinguish those patients that are likely to progress to moderate and severe stages. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the utility of saliva and plasma metabolomic profiles as a potential parameter for risk stratifying COVID-19 patients. Method LC–MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used to profile the changes in saliva and plasma metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients with different severities. Results Saliva and plasma metabolites were screened in 62 COVID-19 patients and 18 non-infected controls. The COVID-19 group included 16 severe, 15 moderate, 16 mild, and 15 asymptomatic cases. Thirty-six differential metabolites were detected in COVID-19 versus control comparisons. SARS-CoV-2 induced metabolic derangement differed with infection severity. The metabolic changes were identified in saliva and plasma, however, saliva showed higher intensity of metabolic changes. Levels of saliva metabolites such as sphingosine and kynurenine were significantly different between COVID-19 infected and non-infected individuals; while linoleic acid and Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid were specifically increased in severe compared to non-severe patients. As expected, the two prognostic biomarkers of C-reactive protein and D-dimer were negatively correlated with sphingosine and 5-Aminolevulinic acid, and positively correlated with l -Tryptophan and l -Kynurenine. Conclusion Saliva disease-specific and severity-specific metabolite could be employed as potential COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11306-022-01936-1.

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“…A natural amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5 ALA), is produced from most animals and plants which are present in food. In our previous studies, we reported antiviral activity of 5-ALA with or without sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and its variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta strains [ 11 , 12 ]. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effect of 5-ALA with or without SFC against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in vitro.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Aminolevulinic acid antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in vitro

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic continues to pose a threat to global health. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has spread rapidly worldwide and became dominant in many countries. A natural 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) has demonstrated antiviral activity in Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 infections in vitro. In this study, we report antiviral activity of 5-ALA, 5-ALA with SFC led to IC50 of 329 and 765/191, respectively after infection with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Our finding suggests that 5-ALA could be used as antiviral drug candidate to treat Omicron variant infected patients.

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5-amino levulinic acid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on production of antibodies against classical swine fever live vaccine

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on production of antibodies against classical swine fever live vaccine

Saliva metabolomic profile of COVID-19 patients associates with disease severity

5-Aminolevulinic acid antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in vitro

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