5.5 A 770 kS/s Duty-Cycled Integrated-Fluxgate Magnetometer for Contactless Current Sensing

Garcha, Preetinder; Schaffer, Viola; Haroun, Baher; Ramaswamy, S.; Wieser, James B.; Lang, Jeffrey H.; Chandrakasan, Anantha P.

doi:10.1109/isscc42613.2021.9365837

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… Potential bandwidth of different current-sensing methods [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, magnetometer (HE, MR, and FG) and MO, which perform well at DC and low frequencies (LFs), are unable to construct a very high BW due to their physical structures [9,28]. On-chip or mi cro-FG devices typically limit the excitation signal to 10 to 100 kHz because of the parasit ics of the coil and the high magnetization of the core [13,28,53,54]. Despite the limitation of each sensing method, magnetometers, inductive methods, and a combination of the two offer a variety of viable options for measuring current in a wide range of bandwidths A combination of multiple sensing methods can be used to detect a wide range of frequen cies [14,55], a topic that is addressed later in the discussion.…”

Section: Bandwidth and DC Measurement Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Sensor Integration Issues with Wide-Bandgap Power Converters

Sirat

Parkhideh

2023

Sensors

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Precise current sensing is essential for several power electronics’ protection, control, and reliability mechanisms. Even so, WBG power converters will likely struggle to develop a single current-sensing scheme to measure various types of currents due to the limited space and size of these devices, the required high sensing speed, and the high electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions they cause. Analysis of existing current sensors was conducted in such terms with the objective of understanding the challenges associated with their integration into WBG power converters. Since each of these requirements has different design tradeoffs, it is challenging to consider one specific method of current sensing to be perfect for all situations; thus, the possibility of developing novel methods to improve the performance of these single-scheme current sensors is further explored.

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“… Potential bandwidth of different current-sensing methods [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bandwidth and DC Measurement Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Sensor Integration Issues with Wide-Bandgap Power Converters

Sirat

Parkhideh

2023

Sensors

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“…However, these magnetometers cannot be implanted because the size of the sensor head tends to be large. Magnetometers with integrated FG (IFG) have been developed for small-sized realizations [11], [12], [13], [14], where its noise floors are relatively high, around a few nT/ √ Hz. FG-based magnetometers require a larger excitation current for saturating magnetization of a core in the FG sensor heads.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…599 The MI-based magnetometer is driven by a short time pulse, 600 and therefore, the excitation current can be saved compared 601 with the FG-based ones. Although magnetometers based on 602 IFG [12], [14] can provide a chip-scaled implementation and 603 achieve a larger input range, they still have a higher level of 604 noise and power consumption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automatic Loop Gain Enhancement Technique in Magnetoimpedance-Based Magnetometer

Akita

Kawano²,

Aoyama³

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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A low-power, low-noise, and high-bandwidth mag-1 netometer that utilizes the magnetoimpedance (MI) element as a 2 sensor head is presented. The MI element has a high sensitivity, 3 and it can be implemented in the mm-scale through the MEMS 4 process. The analog front-end (AFE) circuit of the magnetometer 5 includes a digital calibration scheme that automatically enhances 6 the loop gain of the system, resulting in high bandwidth and 7 low-noise characteristics. The AFE circuit is designed based on 8 a switched-capacitor (SC) approach, and its dedicated switching 9 scheme can suppress the folded noise of an amplifier. A single-10 coil magnetic negative feedback architecture with correlated 11 double sampling (CDS) enables to achieve a high dynamic range 12 (DR) and stable passband gain in addition to simplifying the 13 structure of the MI element. The AFE chip of the magnetometer 14 is implemented in a 0.18-µm CMOS process, and it achieves an 15 8-pT/ √ Hz noise floor within a 31-kHz bandwidth and the DR of 16 96 dB, where the power consumption is 1.97 mW. 17 Index Terms-Analog front-end (AFE), biomagnetic, digital 18 calibration, Internet of Things (IoT), magnetic feedback, magne-19 toimpedance (MI) element, magnetometer. 20 I. INTRODUCTION 21 A BIOMAGNETIC sensing technique such as magneto-22 myography (MMG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) 23 is one solution for capturing biological information with a min-24 imum invasive approach. Implantable MMG has the potential 25 to acquire fast neuronal magnetic activity, which corresponds 26 to the action potential of neurons close to skeletal muscle 27 with high spatiotemporal resolution [1], [2], [3], as opposed 28 to an approach with an optically pumped magnetometer that 29 achieves low noise but a relatively large size because of 30 the optical system [4]. Magnetometers for such applications 31 require of low noise less than 100 pT/ √ Hz, high bandwidth 32 over 10 kHz, low power, and small size because they are 33 implanted. Furthermore, a wide input range over 100 μT is 34 desired because there is a need to accept the geomagnetic field 35 and artifact without saturating the signal. A magnetic negative 36

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