5.14 Carbon Matrix Composites

Taylor, Robert G.; Siva, S.B. Venkata; Sreekanth, P.S. Rama

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.03905-9

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…To date, the reported tensile strength of CNT/C composites is still in the lower range from 100 to 500 MPa, as different parameters are optimized, ,, which are comparable to some CF/C composites. , High values of around 2 GPa were reported in a few examples. ,, On the contrary, electrical conductivity was either rarely reported or reported to be very low (usually less than 1000 S/cm). ,− ,, Over 2000 S/cm of conductivity was obtained through interface engineering and structural densification . As a comparison, the electrical conductivity of CF/C composites is in a range of 100 to 1000 S/cm depending on the fiber quality and the type of carbon precursor .…”

Section: Preparation Of Cnt/c Compositesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…48,59 To date, the reported tensile strength of CNT/C composites is still in the lower range from 100 to 500 MPa, as different parameters are optimized, 11,45,49 which are comparable to some CF/C composites. 5,116 High values of around 2 GPa were reported in a few examples. 50,51,65 On the contrary, electrical conductivity was either rarely reported or reported to be very low (usually less than 1000 S/ cm).…”

Section: Preparation Of Cnt/c Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Strong Carbon Matrix Composites

Zhang

Suresh

et al. 2020

ACS Nano

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As an excellent candidate for lightweight structural materials and nonmetal electrical conductors, carbon nanotube reinforced carbon matrix (CNT/C) composites have potential use in technologies employed in aerospace, military, and defense endeavors, where the combinations of light weight, high strength, and excellent conductivity are required. Both polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) methods have been widely studied for CNT/C composite fabrications with diverse focuses and various modifications. Progress has been reported to optimize the performance of CNT/C composites from broad aspects, including matrix densification, CNT alignment, microstructure control, and interface engineering, etc. Recent approaches, such as using resistance heating for PIP or CVI, contribute to the development of CNT/C composites. To deliver a timely and up-to-date overview of CNT/C composites, we have reviewed the most recent trends in fabrication processes, summarized the mechanical reinforcement mechanism, and discussed the electrical and thermal properties, as well as relevant case studies for high-temperature applications. Conclusions and perspectives addressing future routes for performance optimization are also presented. Hence, this review serves as a rundown of recent advances in CNT/C composites and will be a valuable resource to aid future developments in this field.

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Section: Preparation Of Cnt/c Compositesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Preparation Of Cnt/c Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Strong Carbon Matrix Composites

Zhang

Suresh

et al. 2020

ACS Nano

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“…For example, in highly ordered sp 2 carbons, starting from absolute zero, the thermal conductivity first increases rapidly with the increase in temperature until it reaches a maximum value, and beyond that temperature, thermal conductivity decreases exponentially. 67 Moreover, the thermal conductivity and its maximum value, as mentioned previously, appear to be strongly affected by defects (either point or boundary) and disorder present in solid carbon since phonons may also be scattered by them. The contribution of these defects to the thermal conductivity of the material can be added in reciprocal manner.…”

Section: Determination Of Temperature Difference Using Otr Techniquementioning

confidence: 76%

“…Rigorous work has been done in the past on the estimation of the contribution of these defects to thermal conductivity. 67,68 Kelly et al showed from calculation that the crystallite boundaries have the most significant contribution in phonon scattering. 68 Based on above explanation from the literature, it could be concluded that, as the crystallite size increases, the thermal conductivity increases and the thermal conductivity peak shifts to a lower temperature.…”

Section: Determination Of Temperature Difference Using Otr Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the longitudinal thermal conductivity of low‐ordered carbon fibers by using an optothermal Raman technique

Kumar,

Ammar,

Canizarès

et al. 2023

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The usage of carbon fibers (CFs) for high‐temperature applications has been increasing in recent years. However, the determination of thermal properties at high temperatures is a challenging task. In this study, the thermal conductivity of two different types of CF having a diameter in the range from 5–7 m, as a function of temperature, was examined by using the optothermal Raman method. Raman spectroscopy was first used to obtain the structural organization and structural homogeneity of the fibers. Then, owing to the fact that Raman spectra are sensitive to laser excitation power and external temperature, Raman spectroscopy was used as a contactless thermometer to determine the local temperature rise of the fibers. A formula was derived by solving the heat diffusion equation for cylindrical fibers and a set of boundary conditions, similar to the experimental conditions, which allows accurate estimation of longitudinal thermal conductivity. The results are discussed in relation with the phonon scattering theory and can be attributed to the combined effect of scattering from defects. The radiative and convective heat losses were estimated, and their influence on thermal conductivity was also determined.

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“…3,4 The thermal and mechanical performance of C/C composites is directly correlated to the type of carbon matrix precursor used and its carbon yield. 5 Additionally, a carbon precursor with an aromatic nature can facilitate the formation of a graphitized carbon matrix, which favors heat transfer and improves mechanical properties of C/C composites. 3,6,7 The precursors that best fit these criteria are pitch, mesophase pitch, 8,9 and phenolic resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of curing kinetics of resorcinol‐added resole phenolic resins using differential scanning calorimetry for the fabrication of carbon/carbon composites

Cordeiro

Davis

Ramsurn

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Phenolic resins are commonly used as carbon precursors for the fabrication of carbon/carbon composites due to their high carbon yield and aromatic nature. To decrease curing times, acid catalysts are generally used, but the addition of resorcinol was found to have a similar effect while being incorporated into the resin matrix with no contamination or corrosion issues. In this work, the curing kinetics of pure, 10, 20, and 30 wt% resorcinol‐added phenolic resins were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry. Heating rates of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5°C min−1 were used with several curing models to predict isothermal curing. Averaged mean absolute error (MAE) for the isoconversional mathematical approaches namely Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (MAE = 12.9 min), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (15.8 min), and Vyazovkin (14 min) show that these methods provide the best predictions, attributed to their adoption of an activation energy that depends on the extent of cure (Ea (α)). The Kissinger method (MAE = 36 min), which depends only on peak temperature with a constant activation energy assumption, and the data noise sensitive Friedman model (MAE = 1144.7 min) provide the least accurate results. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that resorcinol decreases the curing times by up to 71% without lowering carbon yield.

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5.14 Carbon Matrix Composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 103 publications

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Strong Carbon Matrix Composites

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Strong Carbon Matrix Composites

Determination of the longitudinal thermal conductivity of low‐ordered carbon fibers by using an optothermal Raman technique

Prediction of curing kinetics of resorcinol‐added resole phenolic resins using differential scanning calorimetry for the fabrication of carbon/carbon composites

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