4D Soft Material Systems

Grassi, Giulia; Sparrman, Bjorn; Paoletti, Ingrid; Tibbits, Skylar

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_19

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The volume change differences under particular conditions also exist in elastomers and other materials. The high swellable driving layer can be designed by embedding low boiling point microliquid chambers [ 80 , 81 ] or thermally expanding microspheres (TEM) [ 82 ] in elastomers. In the former, liquid-vapor-phase change of microliquid chambers such as ethanol when heated or cooled causes volume change of the driving layer and thus actuates bilayer structures to curve reversibly ( Figure 3Ac ).…”

Section: Deformation Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process is reversible. Moreover, extra filling of thermally conductive material particles such as liquid metal fillers provides faster thermal response speed [ 80 , 81 ] . In contrast, the deformation caused by the thermal expansion coefficient with a large difference in two layers due to the existence of TEMs in the latter is irreversible [ 82 ] .…”

Section: Deformation Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart implants: 4D-printed shape-morphing scaffolds for medical implantation

Qu¹,

Huang²,

Gu³

et al. 2023

IJB

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Biomedical implants have recently shown excellent application potential in tissue repair and replacement. Applying three-dimensional (3D) printing to implant scaffold fabrication can help to address individual needs more precisely. Four-dimensional (4D) printing emerges rapidly based on the development of shape-responsive materials and design methods, which makes the production of dynamic functional implants possible. Smart implants can be pre-designed to respond to endogenous or exogenous stimuli and perform seamless integration with regular/ irregular tissue defects, defect-luminal organs, or curved structures via programmed shape morphing. At the same time, they offer great advantages in minimally invasive surgery due to the small-to-large volume transition. In addition, 4D-printed cellular scaffolds can generate extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic structures that interact with the contacting cells, expanding the possible sources of tissue/organ grafts and substitutes. This review summarizes the typical technologies and materials of 4D-printed scaffolds, and the programming designs and applications of these scaffolds are further highlighted. Finally, we propose the prospects and outlook of 4D-printed shape-morphing implants.

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Section: Deformation Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deformation Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart implants: 4D-printed shape-morphing scaffolds for medical implantation

Qu¹,

Huang²,

Gu³

et al. 2023

IJB

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Soft Pneumatic Robotic Architectural System: Prefabricated Inflatable Module-Based Cybernetic Adaptive Space Model Manipulated Through Human-System Interaction

Wang

2023

Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication

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In this paper, a cybernetic adaptive space model based on prefabricated inflatable modules and physical interaction manipulation is introduced. The research aimed to redefine an intelligent and organic trend of residing and working by providing an adjustable and performative space system. The conjunction of human-space interaction, as well as the soft and hard architectural elements adaptive to dynamic living modalities and environmental conditions, are included in the methodology. The datasets based on the human body posture are collected through IMU sensors to provide coding inputs for defining modular inflatable structures, which anticipate generating heterogeneous morphological variations apt for flexible scenarios. The elaborated pre-fabricated samples successfully conform to the expected inflating behavior through silicone patterns. The results demonstrated the possibility of future architecture as an unrestrained configuration. Integrating the shape-shifting space within modular manufacturing and interactive technology can deprive the performance of many constraints. It can render a responsive ecosystem through a behavioral transformation of the in-habitants.

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From Conventional to Programmable Matter Systems: A Review of Design, Materials, and Technologies

Chafik,

Gaber,

Tayane

et al. 2024

ACM Comput. Surv.

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Programmable matter represents a system of elements whose interactions can be programmed for a certain behavior to emerge (e.g. color, shape) upon suitable commands (e.g., instruction, stimuli) by altering its physical characteristics. Even though its appellation may refer to a morphable physical material, programmable matter has been represented through several approaches from different perspectives (e.g., robots, smart materials) that seek the same objective: controllable behavior such as smart shape alteration. Researchers, engineers, and artists have expressed interest in the development of smart modeling clay as a novel alternative to conventional matter and classical means of prototyping. Henceforth, users will be able to do/undo/redo forms based on computed data (CAD) or interactions (sensors), which will help them unlock more features and increase the usefulness of their products. However, with such a promising technology, many challenges need to be addressed, as programmable matter relies on energy consumption, data transmission, stimuli control, and shape formation mechanisms. Furthermore, numerous devices and technologies are created under the name of programmable matter, which may pose ambiguity to the control strategies. In this study, we determine the basic operations required to form a shape, then review different realizations using the shape shifting ability of programmable matter, their fitting classifications, and finally discuss potential challenges.

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4D Soft Material Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Smart implants: 4D-printed shape-morphing scaffolds for medical implantation

Smart implants: 4D-printed shape-morphing scaffolds for medical implantation

Soft Pneumatic Robotic Architectural System: Prefabricated Inflatable Module-Based Cybernetic Adaptive Space Model Manipulated Through Human-System Interaction

From Conventional to Programmable Matter Systems: A Review of Design, Materials, and Technologies

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