4D printing of shape memory polymers

Subash, Alsha; Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109771

Cited by 131 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The fourth dimension of 4D is the transformation over time, where 4D printing technology offers an output of smart structures by using new manufacturing techniques of 3D printing, advanced materials, and customized design. 4D printed objects need a stimulus to begin the deformation phase; the trigger can be an exposure to water, heat, light, or magnetic field [166][167][168][169]. Four dimensional printing technology is a combination of 3D printing, smart materials, and customized design for object transformation.…”

Section: D and 4d Printings Of Pla Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

et al. 2021

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Over recent years, enthusiasm towards the manufacturing of biopolymers has attracted considerable attention due to the rising concern about depleting resources and worsening pollution. Among the biopolymers available in the world, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the highest biopolymers produced globally and thus, making it suitable for product commercialisation. Therefore, the effectiveness of natural fibre reinforced PLA composite as an alternative material to substitute the non-renewable petroleum-based materials has been examined by researchers. The type of fibre used in fibre/matrix adhesion is very important because it influences the biocomposites’ mechanical properties. Besides that, an outline of the present circumstance of natural fibre-reinforced PLA 3D printing, as well as its functions in 4D printing for applications of stimuli-responsive polymers were also discussed. This research paper aims to present the development and conducted studies on PLA-based natural fibre bio-composites over the last decade. This work reviews recent PLA-derived bio-composite research related to PLA synthesis and biodegradation, its properties, processes, challenges and prospects.

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Section: D and 4d Printings Of Pla Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

et al. 2021

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“…After curing each layer, the platform is lowered, exposing another uncured resin layer ready for patterning [ 14 , 28 ]. In Figure 5 , the resin components of SLA are depicted [ 29 ]. SLA printing process is used to fabricate structures such as channels with dimensions less than 100 µm, valves and pumps, and multiplexers for mixing [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 5 , the resin components of SLA are depicted [ 29 ]. SLA printing process is used to fabricate structures such as channels with dimensions less than 100 µm, valves and pumps, and multiplexers for mixing [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 5, the resin components of SLA are depicted [29]. SLA printing pro is used to fabricate structures such as channels with dimensions less than 100 µm, va and pumps, and multiplexers for mixing [29]. It is worth mentioning that directed energy deposition (DED), another metal additive manufacturing technology, uses bigger particles and higher layer thicknesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Brief Review on Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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In this research article, a mini-review study is performed on the additive manufacturing (AM) of the polymeric matrix composites (PMCs) and nanocomposites. In this regard, some methods for manufacturing and important and applied results are briefly introduced and presented. AM of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites has attracted great attention and is emerging as it can make extensively customized parts with appreciably modified and improved mechanical properties compared to the unreinforced polymer materials. However, some matters must be addressed containing reduced bonding of reinforcement and matrix, the slip between reinforcement and matrix, lower creep strength, void configurations, high-speed crack propagation, obstruction because of filler inclusion, enhanced curing time, simulation and modeling, and the cost of manufacturing. In this review, some selected and significant results regarding AM or three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymeric matrix composites and nanocomposites are summarized and discuss. In addition, this article discusses the difficulties in preparing composite feedstock filaments and printing issues with nanocomposites and short and continuous fiber composites. It is discussed how to print various thermoplastic composites ranging from amorphous to crystalline polymers. In addition, the analytical and numerical models used for simulating AM, including the Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing process and estimating the mechanical properties of printed parts, are explained in detail. Particle, fiber, and nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites are highlighted for their performance. Finally, key limitations are identified in order to stimulate further 3D printing research in the future.

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“…This temporary shape is metastable and can be retained until an appropriate stimulus is applied to trigger recovery of the original equilibrium shape [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 28 ]. Subash and Kandasubramanim [ 29 ] reported various facts about 4D printing technology owing to the programmability and the use of advanced materials. The pivotal idea of 4D printing is the shape memory effect (SME), conversed in an SMP which superficially reacts to an external inducement which can be electromagnetic radiation, heat, an active source (current and voltage), hydro (moisture, solvents, chemicals, ions, and pH) or a magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Shape-Memory Situations of a Stimulus Responsive Composite Material

et al. 2021

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In these times of Industrial 4.0 and Health 4.0, people currently want to enhance the ability of science and technology, to focus on patient aspects. However, with intelligent, green energy and biomedicine these days, traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been unable to meet our needs, so 4D printing has now arisen. In this research, a shape-memory composite material with 3D printing technology was used for 4D printing technology. The authors used fused deposition modeling (FDM) to print a polylactic acid (PLA) strip onto the surface of paper to create a shape-memory composite material, and a stimulus (heat) was used to deform and recover the shape of this material. The deformation angle and recovery angle of the material were studied with various processing parameters (heating temperature, heating time, pitch, and printing speed). This research discusses optimal processing related to shape-memory situations of stimulus-responsive composite materials. The optimal deformation angle (maximum) of the stimulus-responsive composite material was found with a thermal stimulus for an optimal heating temperature of 190 °C, a heating time of 20 s, a pitch of 1.5 mm, and a printing speed of 80 mm/s. The optimal recovery angle (minimum) of this material was found with a thermal stimulus for an optimal heating temperature of 170 °C, a heating time of 90 s, a pitch of 2.0 mm, and a printing speed of 80 mm/s. The most important factor affecting both the deformation and recovery angle of the stimulus-responsive composite material was the heating temperature.

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4D printing of shape memory polymers

Cited by 131 publications

References 132 publications

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposite: Processing, Additive Manufacturing and Advanced Applications

A Brief Review on Additive Manufacturing of Polymeric Composites and Nanocomposites

Optimization Shape-Memory Situations of a Stimulus Responsive Composite Material

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