4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects

Lui, Yuan Siang; Sow, Wan Ting; Tan, Lay Poh; Wu, Yue; Lai, Yuekun; Li, Huaqiong

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.005

Cited by 218 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…4D printing aims at exploiting advanced materials responding to external stimuli to program the actions of the printed objects . Several stimuli‐responsive materials—e.g., electroactive polymers, hydrogels, and nanocomposites—have been investigated for a broad variety of applications, from micro‐ and soft‐robotics to biomedicine . Among the different strategies, an accessible pathway to fabricate stimuli‐responsive (4D) printed objects consists in magnetizing a soft‐polymer by loading the polymeric matrix with magnetic fillers, such as particles of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Lantean

Barrera

Pirri

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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nanocomposites [12][13][14][15] -have been investigated for a broad variety of applications, from micro-and soft-robotics [10,[16][17][18] to biomedicine. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Among the different strategies, an accessible pathway to fabricate stimuli-responsive (4D) printed objects consists in magnetizing a soft-polymer by loading the polymeric matrix with magnetic fillers, such as particles of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB). [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Direct ink writing (DIW) and fused filament fabrication (FFF) have been used to fabricate fast responding actuators, [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] inks containing high loads of magnetic fillers [41] and 2D planar structures that exploit folding and unfolding processes. [42] Additionally, 3D printed permanent magnets were developed. [43][44][45][46][47][48] However, both DIW and FFF present some drawbacks: first in terms of resolution; second in terms of the dispersion of the fillers, that may lead to nonhomogeneous magnetic response; and third in terms of temperature of processing, which could be not compatible with the fillers. [48,49] For the last one, the temperature can be decreased using some additives, however this approach may affect the mechanical performances of devices. [41] An alternative to DIW and FFF is digital light processing (DLP). This vat polymerization 3D printing technology involves the use of photosensitive (liquid) resins which are able to cure (i.e., to solidify) upon irradiation with a suitable light source. In DLP, a digital light projector (digital micromirror device) illuminates a photocurable resin with a 2D pixel pattern allowing the curing of single slices of the 3D object. [50][51][52] The aforementioned drawbacks associated to DIW and FFF can be overcome by the use of DLP. Indeed: (i) the printing resolution in DLP belongs to the pixel dimensions and it is generally higher than DIW and FFF, [53,54] (ii) in DLP the dispersion of the fillers is easier to control since liquid formulations are used; and (iii) the fabrication process generally occurs at room temperature. Nevertheless, two precautions must be taken into account: first, the increase of the content of nanoparticles may affect the photopolymerization process since they compete with the photoinitiator in absorbing the incident radiation; and second, the dispersion of the fillers must be stable for the whole printing procedure in order to print an object whose response is homogeneous to an external input. For the latter, macroscopic sedimentation, segregation, and spatial inhomogeneity must be avoided.Digital light processing is used for printing magnetoresponsive polymeric materials with tunable mechanical and magnetic properties. Mechanical properties are tailored, from stiff to soft, by combining urethane-acrylate resins with butyl acrylate as the reactive diluent. The magnetic response of the printed samples is tuned by changing the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle loading up to 6 wt%. Following this strategy, magnetoresponsive active components ar...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Lantean

Barrera

Pirri

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This provides one more dimension of transformation (shape and function) over time under physical, chemical, and biological stimuli for smart or programmable materials. The 4D-printed biomaterials serve more compatibility with dynamic tissues under regeneration process over stable 3D-printed biomaterials (Javaid and Haleem, 2019;Liu Y. S. et al, 2019). However, this technology still lacks printing complex architectures for regenerating dynamic and complex tissues due to the three-axis printing process.…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing Methods for Producing Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Composite Scaffolds: A Review

et al. 2019

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been considered for decades an ideal biomaterial for bone repair due to its compositional and crystallographic similarity to bioapatites in hard tissues. However, fabrication of porous HAp acting as a template (scaffold) for supporting bone regeneration and growth has been a challenge to biomaterials scientists. The introduction of additive manufacturing technologies, which provide the advantages of a relatively fast, precise, controllable, and potentially scalable fabrication process, has opened new horizons in the field of bioceramic scaffolds. This review focuses on three-dimensional-printed HAp scaffolds and related composite systems, where the calcium phosphate phase is combined with other ceramics or polymers improving the mechanical properties and/or imparting special extra-functionalities. The main applications of three-dimensional-printed HAp scaffolds in bone tissue engineering are presented and discussed; furthermore, this review also emphasizes the most recent achievements toward the development and testing of multifunctional HAp-based systems combining multiple properties for advanced therapy (e.g., bone regeneration, antibacterial effect, angiogenesis, and cancer treatment).

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“…As‐prepared products can change from their temporary structures to the initial configurations when exposed to a high temperature environment. Besides motivated by heat, in recent years, 4D printed structures driven by electricity, [ 22,23 ] magnetism, [ 24 − 26 ] pH, [ 27,28 ] solvent, [ 29 − 31 ] light, [ 32,33 ] and biological signals [ 34 ] have also appeared. Although tremendous efforts have been paid in this field, all above‐mentioned 4D printed matters can only show shape‐changing demonstrations, regardless of their changes in properties and the functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Material Combination Concept to Realize 4D Printed Products with Newly Emerging Property/Functionality

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Science

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4D printing is a newly emerging technique that shows the capability of additively manufacturing structures whose shape, property, or functionality can controllably vary with time under external stimuli. However, most of the existing 4D printed products only focus on the variation of physical geometries, regardless of controllable changes of their properties, as well as practical functionality. Here, a material combination concept is proposed to construct 4D printed devices whose property and functionality can controllably vary. The 4D printed devices consist of conductive and magnetic parts, enabling the integrated devices to show a piezoelectric property even neither part is piezoelectric individually. Consequently, the functionality of the devices is endowed to transfer mechanical to electrical energy based on the electromagnetic introduction principle. The working mechanism of 4D printed devices is explained by a numerical simulation method using Comsol software, facilitating further optimization of their properties by regulating diverse parameters. Due to the self‐powered, quick‐responding, and sensitive properties, the 4D printed magnetoelectric device could work as pressure sensors to warn illegal invasion. This work opens a new manufacturing method of flexible magnetoelectric devices and provides a new material combination concept for the property‐changed and functionality‐changed 4D printing.

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4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects

Cited by 218 publications

References 148 publications

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

3D Printing of Magnetoresponsive Polymeric Materials with Tunable Mechanical and Magnetic Properties by Digital Light Processing

Additive Manufacturing Methods for Producing Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Composite Scaffolds: A Review

A Material Combination Concept to Realize 4D Printed Products with Newly Emerging Property/Functionality

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