4D printed untethered milli-gripper fabricated using a biodegradable and biocompatible electro- and magneto-active hydrogel

A dual stimuli-responsive smart soft carrier using multi-material 4D printing

“…39 Jang et al proposed a milli-gripper capable of transporting up to 6 cargoes, where the cargo is about 20% of the size of the milli-gripper. 40 In contrast, the proposed soft carrier can transport up to 12 cargoes at a time, which is about 20% of the size of the soft carrier. Through this, the proposed smart soft carrier can be considered to have a relatively excellent loading capacity as the proposed soft carrier can transport more cargoes at a time that have a relatively large size compared to the size of carrier itself.…”

Sustainable Robots 4D Printing

“…Alginate/methylcellulose (Alg/MC), [ 62 ] PLA, [ 72,80,95,141 ] poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), [ 95 ] polylactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate (PLMC), [ 64 ] carrageenan‐based nanocomposites, [ 152,153 ] multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), [ 141,143 ] chitosan hydrogels, [ 67 ] PCL, [ 63,68,72 ] sodium alginate, [ 68 ] bio‐polyurethane (BPU), [ 114 ] carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), [ 114 ] protein‐based hydrogels, [ 70 ] propylene glycol di acetate (PGDA), [ 74 ] cellulose‐based biopolymers, [ 115,136,157 ] carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), [ 114,134 ] gelatin hydrogels, [ 146 ] and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) [ 148 ] are among biodegradable materials used to make appropriate ink for DIW technique.…”

“…[ 222 ] The miniaturization of soft robots and untethered soft robots for various applications, such as drug delivery and local lesion treatment, has been recently reported. Jang and Park [ 67 ] employed 4D printing to fabricate an untethered milligripper using a biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan hydrogel and biocompatible citric acid‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.…”

“…This includes the development of a more stable multilayer structure, a simpler design for the multi-molecular network, and the ability to achieve more flexible reversible deformation, among other areas of improvement. [59] Regarding their applicability, biodegradable 3D/4D printed soft actuators are utilized in many fields, such as agriculture, [60] biomedicine, micro positioning, [67,79,[94][95][96][97] smart surgical instruments, [64,[98][99][100][101] soft rehabilitation devices, [98,102,103] drug delivery microswimmers, [64,67,68,70,72,73,77,84,85,88,94,34,[104][105][106][107][108] sustainable electronics devices, [109][110][111] soft smart fabrics, [64] muscle tissue membranes, [65,76,89,94,96,112,113] in-vivo robotics, [67,74,…”

“…Regarding their applicability, biodegradable 3D/4D printed soft actuators are utilized in many fields, such as agriculture, [ 60 ] biomedicine, [ 61–93 ] micro positioning, [ 67,79,94–97 ] smart surgical instruments, [ 64,98–101 ] soft rehabilitation devices, [ 98,102,103 ] drug delivery microswimmers, [ 64,67,68,70,72,73,77,84,85,88,94,34,104–108 ] sustainable electronics devices, [ 109–111 ] soft smart fabrics, [ 64 ] muscle tissue membranes, [ 65,76,89,94,96,112,113 ] in‐vivo robotics, [ 67,74,83,86,89–91,93,99–101 ] wearable devices, [ 95,103,111,114–118 ] soft smart prosthetics, [ 114 ] bionic devices, [ 69,72,73,114 ] aeronautics, [ 119,120 ] health monitoring equipment, [ 111,118 ] edible robots, [ 121 ] biomimetic scaffolds, [ 30,62,76,97,115,122,123 ] environmental monitoring equipment, […”