“…This kind of electrode structure enables the electrical field to penetrate into the liquid. Therefore, LFE-QCM has extremely high sensitivity to electrical properties in the liquid, and the mechanical properties similar to the TFE sensor [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. At present, many studies have been completed on LFE-QCM, which has been shown to have many advantages over traditional QCM in practical applications.…”