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Abstract

Abstract:It is predicted that life expectancy will raise sharply in future stages, especially in western countries. In fact, life expectancy of developed countries is currently over the age of 70. Aging implies a series of physical, psychological, cognitive and social changes that condition one's self-concept, creating adaptive strategies and the knowledge to maintain one's well-being in spite of the changes. Albeit aging is a natural and inevitable process, the benefits of physical fitness on physical and functional deterioration have been thoroughly confirmed. However, although this information is widely known, the majority of elderly people of these countries execute little practice of physical activity in order to improve their Quality of Life (QoL). In response to this attitude, the aim of this paper is to argue and justify that a healthy aging process is associated with maintained health, physical and cognitive function and social participation. It shows numerous research studies which demonstrate that integrated programs of physical fitness can provide benefits in a number of predictors of QoL, such as physical functioning, physical role, general health and social functioning, self-perceived QoL and mental components.

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“…Basic sports training of 13-14-year-old boxers can be improved by taking a step beyond the traditional ideas of training process organization. Many boxing experts argue that the main objectives of basic sports training are to develop a system of knowledge (history, rules, theory and training methods) (Atilov, 2005;Roberts & Smith, 2014;Shiryaev, 2002), to teach the basic boxer stance, motions, and distance (Baranov, 2004;V. Baranov & D. Baranov, 2008;Sannikov & Voropayev, 2006), to improve physical fitness (Kolesnik, 2010;Sannikov & Voropayev, 2006), to develop motivation, skills of regulating one's mind and emotions, to raise interest in boxing (Kolesnik, 2007), to develop volitional capacity (Akopyan et al, 2007;Wu, 2003), to provide all-round development (Newton & Kraemer, 1994), and to improve health (Di Russo & Spinelli, 2010;Unterharnscheidt, 2003).…”

“…According to the Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements to Additional Education for Children Institutions (extracurricular institutions) (SER 2.4.4.1251-03) approved in the Russian Federation, the minimum age for enrolling children in schools for boxing training is 10 (Akopyan et al, 2007). Most researchers agree that one can start boxing training at the age of 12-14 (Akopyan et al, 2007;Atilov, 2005;Platonov, 2013;Roberts & Smith, 2014). This means that the basic training period often coincides with puberty, which predetermines the orientation and intensity of training loads.…”

“…Many coaches focus on developing physical fitness as a basis for mastering attacking and defensive techniques (Baranov & Baranov, 2008;Bastian, 1998;Bibikov, 2008;Qian, 2015;Starosta, 1999;Ruiz-Montero & Chiva-Bartoll, 2017). However, they underestimate the importance of psychological developmentperception, attention, and analytical abilities, which make a person focus on an independent search for ways of self-fulfillment and practical use of acquired skills and abilities.…”

The Impact of Physical Activity Levels and Functional Fitness Status on the Quality of Life Perceived by Older Adults Living in Rural and Urban Areas: The Portuguese Inland Case

“…The maintenance or improvement of the HRQoL and functional abilities are influenced by several factors, including physical activity (PA) levels [ 8 ] and physical-functional fitness status [ 9 , 10 ]. Physical-functional fitness refers to the ability of the body to adapt to the external environment and cope with daily life activities, and PA is understood as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure [ 11 ].…”

“…Despite the positive effects of PA and physical fitness status on health and HRQoL [ 9 , 13 ], poor levels of PA [ 23 ] and physical fitness [ 24 ] are highly prevalent among older adults [ 21 , 22 ]. Due to the aging process, a reduction in PA levels has been associated with earlier deterioration in functional-physical fitness capacities [ 8 ] and a high incidence of non-communicable diseases over time [ 25 , 26 ].…”