490 Premorbid environmental complexity is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as compared to age and sex matched controls: Results of a Case-Control Study

Friedland, Robert P.; Smyth, Kathleen A.; Esteban-Santillan, C.; Koss, Elisabeth; Cole, Rufus; Lemer, A.J.; Strauss, M.S.; Whitehouse, Peter J.; Petot, Grace J.; Rowland, Douglas Y.; Debanne, Sara M.

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80492-1

Cited by 11 publications

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“…It turned out that persons who showed a heightened risk for dementia with primary degenerative processes had limited contact with other people and a lack of complex activity, e.g., after retirement. Other research conducted during the same time period also showed reduced activity in the preclinical phase of dementia [ 6 – 8 ]. In addition, our own research pointed to a correlation between reduced activity immediately after the first manifestation of symptoms and the rate of progression of cognitive symptoms [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Effects of Intellectual, Physical, and Social Activity on Further Prognosis in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Bidzan

Pąchalska

2016

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundOur goal was to specify the relationship between the level of activity (intellectual, physical, and social) in persons diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the further progression of cognitive dysfunction.Material/MethodsWe examined 193 patients diagnosed with MCI (according to the criteria of the Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment) and under treatment at our Mental Disorders Clinic. It was assumed that these persons would remain under systematic psychiatric observation until dementia was diagnosed. The present study results from a seven-year observation period. The mini–mental state examination (MMSE), the Activity Scale (with the intellectual, physical, and social subscales), and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale were used to evaluate the participants’ status at baseline. The MMSE was re-administered after one year and again at the end of the observation (either upon diagnosis of dementia or after seven years). At each meeting with the participant, the clinical diagnosis was verified to determine if the patient had dementia or not. Of the 193 people initially qualified for the study, 75 were available for the final analysis.ResultsIt was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the baseline MMSE scores between the persons with stable MCI and the persons who had progressed to dementia. However, statistically significant differences in the level of activity at baseline on both the global IADL scale and the Activity Scale between those with stable MCI and those who had progressed to dementia were found. These differences were manifested in the IADL subscales for telephone use, shopping, transportation, and personal finances, and in the physical activity subscale.ConclusionsAn evaluation of intellectual, physical, and social activity can be useful in determining the prognosis for the future course of MCI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Effects of Intellectual, Physical, and Social Activity on Further Prognosis in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Bidzan

Pąchalska

2016

Med Sci Monit

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“…The general benefits of exercise for maintaining brain health and in reducing risk for diseases of aging have been widely reported. 1,2 Recent studies in Canada 3 and the United States 4 found that people who were physically active had a significantly lower risk of developing AD than people who were inactive.…”

Section: Rationale For Exercise Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language-Enriched Exercise Plus Socialization Slows Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease

Arkin¹

2007

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen

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This article reports the effects of language-enriched physical fitness interventions provided by University of Arizona undergraduate students to 24 mild- to moderate-stage Alzheimer's disease patients (AD Rehab group). Socialization experiences consisted of supervised volunteer work and cultural/recreational activities. Changes in global functioning and neuropsychological test performance were tracked and compared to those of a similar group of untreated patients from the Consortium for the Establishment of a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Cohorts completing 4 semesters or longer showed no significant between-year changes after their first year on the Clinical Dementia Rating, a measure of global functioning, and on 5 or 6 of the cognitive and language measures. Comparisons with the CERAD sample suggested a slower rate of decline for the AD Rehab group. The stabilization of global and cognitive performance was not apparent among participants who completed only 2 semesters. Significant physical fitness and mood outcomes were previously reported in this journal.

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“…A meta-analysis of 200 studies found that exercise has a small positive effect on cognition. 13 Recent studies in Canada, 14 the US, 15 China, 16 and Japan 17 found that people who exercised regularly in their lifetime had a significantly lower risk of developing AD in later life, compared to inactive people.…”

Section: Exercise and Alzheimers: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Student-led exercise sessions yield significant fitness gains for Alzheimer's patients

Arkin

2003

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen

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At a time when they are losing skills in virtually all arenas of life, persons with Alzheimer's disease can experience significant, esteem-building achievements in physical fitness and mood through supervised participation in an exercise program. The effects of physical exercise plus cognitive and social stimulation on persons with early stage Alzheimer's disease were assessed in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four such individuals, aged 54 to 88 at program entry, participated in 16 to 20 exercise sessions and 10 community activity sessions per semester for two to eight semesters. Half of the weekly exercise sessions included memory and language stimulation activities. Students, supplemented by family caregivers, supervised the sessions. Exercise sessions consisted of flexibility, balance, aerobic, and weight resistance activities. Preparticipation and semiannual post-testing of aerobic fitness and duration and upper and lower body strength was done. Highly significant fitness gains (p < .001) were achieved in the six-minute walk test, upper and lower body strength, and duration of aerobic exercise. Five participants, aged 86 to 91, completed six to eight semesters and were doing 27 to 45 minutes of aerobics per session at program's end. Five participants scored within the normal range for age-matched healthy active adults on the six-minute walk test at baseline. Nine others achieved and three exceeded the normal range during treatment. Cognitive decline was slowed and mood improved. First-year cognitive outcomes have been published elsewhere. An article reporting final cognitive outcomes is in preparation; Outcome data is summarized on the project website: www.u.arizona.edu/ ~sarkin/elderrehab.html. The benefits of physical exercise can be made available at nominal cost to Alzheimer's patients and other elderly persons by using students to provide transportation, supervision, and the motivational support that is key to exercise adherence. Further research is needed to determine the relative contributions of each program component to the positive outcomes.

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490 Premorbid environmental complexity is reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as compared to age and sex matched controls: Results of a Case-Control Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Intellectual, Physical, and Social Activity on Further Prognosis in Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Effects of Intellectual, Physical, and Social Activity on Further Prognosis in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Language-Enriched Exercise Plus Socialization Slows Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease

Student-led exercise sessions yield significant fitness gains for Alzheimer's patients

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