48 V-to-1 V Transformerless Stacked Active Bridge Converters with Merged Regulation Stage

Optimization of DC-DC Power Supply Systems by Differential and Hybrid Power Processing

“…It illustrates the clear advantage in volume and losses to process power through capacitors. Hybrid converters are proposed and analyzed in the literature for different specifications, including both regulated (e.g., [11]- [13], [82]- [84]) and non-regulated (e.g., [8]- [10], [85]), from moderate voltage conversion ratio (e.g., 48V-12V [8]- [10], [85]) to high voltage conversion ratio (e.g., 48V-1V [11], [13], [83], [84]). They can also be classified into different types based on the components used.…”

“…The 𝑃 𝐴𝐶 processed by the three basic types of passive components is summarized below: The 𝑃 𝑖𝑛𝑑 of a reactive component is calculated with current and voltage [43], [153]. The calculation of 𝑃 𝑖𝑛𝑑(𝐿) is given in (13). Operating with the typical PWM waveforms in switched-mode converters (e.g., Fig.…”

“…The physical meaning of indirect power is the buffered energy (∆E) per cycle times switching frequency (𝑓 𝑠𝑤 ), which is also reflected in (14). The term ½ in (13) means that only the received or the released power is accounted for, so the value is half of the sum of the absolute power.…”

“…For the converter level, it refers to the structure inside one power converter, that the converter is composed of several relatively independent circuit basic cells. Several examples include [13], [84], [89], [90], [163].…”

“…4-21) and the 5 th PV (Fig. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The "ideal multi-port" converter block is used as the DPP stage, and a boost converter is used as the post-regulator [182].…”