454 Pyrosequencing Analysis of Bacterial Diversity Revealed by a Comparative Study of Soils from Mining Subsidence and Reclamation Areas

Abstract

Significant alteration in the microbial community can occur across reclamation areas suffering subsidence from mining. A reclamation site undergoing fertilization practices and an adjacent coal-excavated subsidence site (sites A and B, respectively) were examined to characterize the bacterial diversity using 454 high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. The dominant taxonomic groups in both the sites were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. However, the bacterial communities' abundance, diversity, and composition differed significantly between the sites. Site A presented higher bacterial diversity and more complex community structures than site B. The majority of sequences related to Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Firmicutes, Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Anaerolineae were from site A; whereas those related to Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Gammaproteobacteria, Nitriliruptoria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Phycisphaerae originated from site B. The distribution of some bacterial groups and subgroups in the two sites correlated with soil properties and vegetation due to reclamation practice. Site A exhibited enriched bacterial community, soil organic matter (SOM), and total nitrogen (TN), suggesting the presence of relatively diverse microorganisms. SOM and TN were important factors shaping the underlying microbial communities. Furthermore, the specific plant functional group (legumes) was also an important factor influencing soil microbial community composition. Thus, the effectiveness of 454 pyrosequencing in analyzing soil bacterial diversity was validated and an association between land ecological system restoration, mostly mediated by microbial communities, and an improvement in soil properties in coalmining reclamation areas was suggested.

Microbial Response to Soil Liming of Damaged Ecosystems Revealed by Pyrosequencing and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analyses

“…Rhizobium present in all soil samples is a major contributor to the global nitrogen cycle as it forms a symbiotic nitrogen fixation with many plants. It also improves soils fertility, promotes circulation of soil materials and increases soil microbial activity [31]. The relative abundance of Buckholderia observed in the unlimed soil is consistent with the recent classification of this genus as an acid tolerant group [45].…”

“…Pyrosequencing has been used to analyze bacteria population dynamics [31–33]. In the present study, analysis of two types of soil samples showed a higher relative abundance of bacterial species and genera compared to fungi.…”

“…Photosynthetic bacteria, such as Rhodobacter was found only in limed soils. These bacteria are known to play an irreplaceable role in carbon cycling and material transformation, and their diversities affect the process of nitrogen cycle [31]. Rhizobium present in all soil samples is a major contributor to the global nitrogen cycle as it forms a symbiotic nitrogen fixation with many plants.…”

Adaptive Development of Soil Bacterial Communities to Ecological Processes Caused by Mining Activities in the Loess Plateau, China

“…Next, the mining intensity has a direct relationship with the mining subsidence, thus changing the physical and chemical properties of soil and further interfering with the soil bacterial communities [7,10,38,96,104]. The effects of several other possible factors on the soil bacterial communities were not negligible, and these effects are still under investigation.…”

Molecular ecological network complexity drives stand resilience of soil bacteria to mining disturbances among typical damaged ecosystems in China

“…The Datong (DT) coal-mining area (39 • 53 24"N-40 • 10 00"N, 112 • 52 13"E-113 • 32 35"E) is also located in Shanxi Province, China (Figure 1). This area used as the representative semiarid area in Northern-Western China, has a continental climate and a mean annual Microorganisms 2020, 8,433 4 of 22 temperature of 6.4 • C. The mean annual precipitation is 384.6 mm, with precipitation mainly occurring from June to September. The collected soil type is loess and from the damaged mining areas.…”