45—A Study of the Action of Alkalis on Jute

Macmillan, W. G.; Gupta, A. B. Sen; Majumdar, Swapan Kumar

doi:10.1080/19447027.1954.10807273

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although, as with most of the other plant-based natural fibres, cellulose forms the main structural components, lignin and hemicelluloses also play an important part in determining the characteristic properties of the fibres. Jute hemicelluloses, which are thought to consist principally of xylan, polyuronide and hexosan have been shown to be very sensitive to the action of caustic soda, *Author for correspondence (elasinha@gmail.com) which also exerts some effects on lignin or α-cellulose (McMillan et al 1954). Several authors have employed the technique of mercerization for jute and the changes occurring in the fibre properties have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fibre-surface treatment on structural, thermal and mechanical properties of jute fibre and its composite

2009

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Jute fibres (Corchorus olitorious), an environmentally and ecologically friendly product, were chemically modified and treated with 5% NaOH solution at room temperature for 2 h, 4 h and 8 h. The above samples were characterized and morphologically analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Instron 1185. Alkali treatment affects the supramolecular structure of the fibre as shown by XRD by improving the degree of crystallinity of the fibre. Surface chemistry of the fibre also altered as depicted by FT-IR studies. This chemical treatment was also found to alter the characteristic of the fibre surface topography as seen by the SEM. From the mechanical single fibre test it was found that the tenacity and modulus of the fibre improved after alkali treatment. This might be due to the improvement in the crystallinity. DSC data demonstrated that the thermal degradation temperature for the cellulose get lowered from 365⋅26°C to 360⋅62°C after alkali treatment led to the reduction in fibre thermal stability. Jute fibre reinforced composite were prepared with treated and untreated jute fibre (15 wt%) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE). Effectiveness of these composites was experimentally investigated through the study of the composites by DSC, Instron 1195 for mechanical property of composites, volume fraction of the porosity and hydrophobic finishing of the composite. From the DSC analysis it was found that thermal stability enhanced for treated fibre reinforced composite. This could be due to the resistance offered by the closely packed cellulose chain in combination with the resin. Flexural strength of the composite prepared with 2 h and 4 h alkali treated fibre were found to increase by 3⋅16% and 9⋅5%, respectively. Although 8 h treated fibre exhibited maximum strength properties, but the composite prepared with them showed lower strength value. Alkali treatment helped in the development of hydrophobicity and reduction in volume fraction of the porosity. This may be due to the better fibre matrix interface adhesion caused due to the fibre surface treatment by alkali.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fibre-surface treatment on structural, thermal and mechanical properties of jute fibre and its composite

2009

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“…There are other known modifications of noncellulosic components of jute that have biological significance. A portion of the lignin is known to be removed easily during the treatment [25], and a small decrease in lignin content has been shown to have a favorable effect on fungal [3] and bacterial [2,14] decomposition of jute. Moreover alkali breaks the ester linkage between lignin and hemi-cellulose [28] and makes the latter available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Physical and Chemical Properties of Cellulosic Fibers on Anaerobic Deterioration by Pure Cultures

Ghose

King

1963

Textile Research Journal

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Decomposition of cellulosic fibers by thirteen strains including three species of the obligately anaerobic genus Ruminococcus has been investigated with regard to the effects of the chemical composition and physical state of the fiber. Of the thirteen strains only six were actively cellulolytic. In test systems containing 50 mg of fiber in 10 ml of medium, nearly complete solubilization of substrate was observed in 11 to 14 days. The substrates were jute, cotton, alfalfa, filter paper, and varous materials derived from these. As with other cellulolytic systems, crystalline celluloses and coarse particles were resistant to attack. Gravimetric assays indicated that lignification reduced digestibility more than could be predicted from the lignin content alone, suggesting that in part the resistance of lignified fibers results from masking of the cellulose. The protective effect of lignification in jute is further supported by the fact that alfalfa stems having the same lignin content as jute were about five times as digestible as jute. Acid treatment enhanced the resistance of both jute and cotton to degradation. Alkali treatment decreased resistance to degradation of both jute and cotton, the effect on jute~ein~particu~arIy pronounced. Pure a-celluloses were rapidly degraded regardless of their orrgin. Stimulation of cellulose degradation by the hemicellulose present in the holocellulose was negligible.

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“…Such an increase in the jute fiber strength on treatment with mild alkali and the decrease in the jute fiber strength on treatment with the strong alkali have been reported by many authors. [15][16][17][18] As early as 1935, Sarkar 16 reported a 130% improvement in the tensile strength of jute fibers treated with 1 and 8% NaOH solutions for 48 h. Samal et al 17 also reported 13 and 8% increases, respectively, in the tenacity and modulus of jute fibers treated with 2% NaOH (for 1 h at 35 C). Roy's study 18 showed a steady decrease in the tenacity of fibers with an increase in the alkali concentrations.…”

Section: Strength Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

A comparative study of the stress‐relaxation behavior of untreated and alkali‐treated jute fibers

Ray

Das

Mitra

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, we examined the effect of alkali treatment and its variables, namely, the time (2, 4, 6, or 8 h) and the concentration of alkali (1, 5, or 17.5% w/w), on the linear density, strength, and stress-relaxation properties of jute fiber. It was demonstrated that this kind of treatment led to the creation of several voids and fiber fibrillation. Properties were measured for the alkali-treated and dewaxed fibers. The linear density and tenacity of the fibers were reduced at higher alkali concentration and at longer dipping times. The strength increased with treatment with mild alkali and decreased with treatment with the strong alkali. A very low alkali treatment (1%) rendered low relaxation. At a 5% alkali concentration, interfibrillar matrix softening also played an important role and was prominent in the stress-relaxation behavior. The stress-relaxation value was much higher in the fibers treated with 17.5% NaOH compared to the dewaxed fibers; this was probably due to a loss in the fibrillar arrangement.

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45—A Study of the Action of Alkalis on Jute

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of fibre-surface treatment on structural, thermal and mechanical properties of jute fibre and its composite

Influence of fibre-surface treatment on structural, thermal and mechanical properties of jute fibre and its composite

The Effects of Physical and Chemical Properties of Cellulosic Fibers on Anaerobic Deterioration by Pure Cultures

A comparative study of the stress‐relaxation behavior of untreated and alkali‐treated jute fibers

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