44-year-old Man with Hemoptysis and Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Hemoptysis can be a highly alarming presentation in the emergency department (ED). Even seemingly minor cases may represent potentially lethal underlying pathology. It requires thorough evaluation and careful consideration of a broad differential diagnosis.Case Presentation: A 44-year-old man presented to the ED with a concern of hemoptysis in the setting of recent fever and myalgias.Discussion: This case takes the reader through how to approach the differential diagnosis and diagnostic work-up of hemoptysis in the ED setting and then reveals the surprising final diagnosis.

Isolation and characterization of saprophytic and pathogenic strains of Leptospira from water sources in the Midwestern United States

“…Leptospirosis is a zoonotic, neglected, and emerging disease in the United States. Infection is associated with recreational exposures, occupational exposures to infected animals, and individuals living in economically disadvantaged urban inner-city environments (Heath Jr. et al, 1965;Sasaki et al, 1993;Vinetz et al, 1996;Katz et al, 1997;Lee et al, 2002;Haake and Levett, 2015;McNeilly et al, 2023). In Iowa, an outbreak of human leptospirosis was associated with exposure to animals and the environment (Schiemann, 1973;Lee et al, 2002).…”

“…Human leptospirosis ranges in severity from a mild, self-limited febrile illness to a fulminant, life-threatening disease (Haake and Levett, 2015). In the United States, leptospirosis is rarely recognized, and most cases are associated with occupational exposure to infected animals (Heath et al, 1965), recreational exposures (Schiemann, 1973;Sasaki et al, 1993;Katz et al, 1997;Lee et al, 2002), and individuals living in economically disadvantaged inner-city environments (Vinetz et al, 1996;Viotti et al, 2020;McNeilly et al, 2023). In the state of Iowa, outbreaks of human leptospirosis were associated with farm creeks, wildlife, and domestic livestock (Diesch and McCulloch, 1966;Diesch et al, 1970).…”