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Catalyst Development for CO2 Hydrogenation to Fuels

“…Among the oxides, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and TiO 2 , alumina exhibited a better performance in terms of activity and low methane selectivity 3. Mixed oxides of aluminium and lanthanum16 or MgO17 improved the performance of supported Fe–K. Zeolite Y has also been applied as a support for alkaline‐doped Fe 18.…”

Effect of lanthanum loading in Fe-K/La-Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons

“…Powder XRD patterns of supports and catalysts were recorded using a Rigaku 2155D6 X-ray diffractrometer with nickel-filtered Cu Ka radiation. Chemisorption of CO 2 was performed using a conventional high-vacuum volumetric chemisorption apparatus (Micromeritics, ASAP 2400) by the double-isotherm method at 298 K. 4 Prior to the adsorption measurements, the samples were reduced in a flow of hydrogen at 723 K for 16 h and the catalyst cell was evacuated and cooled to room temperature under dynamic vacuum (`10 À5 Torr).…”

“…Potassium has been reported to be an effective promoter, as it facilitates elementary steps, reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reactions. [2][3][4] Lee et al 3 have reported higher selectivities for the formation of lower olefins on unsupported Fe-K catalysts in the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction. This selectivity enhancement was attributed to the formation of iron carbides on these catalysts.…”

“…Several authors 4,5 emphasized the importance of support in iron catalysts for F-T synthesis, as it is expected to influence the iron particle size, reducibility, degree of interaction with the support and the chemical form of species present at the surface of the catalyst. Kishan et al 4 have reported that the Fe-K catalysts supported on Al 2 O 3 -MgO gives improved selectivity towards the lower olefins and higher hydrocarbons compared with Fe-K catalysts supported either on Al 2 O 3 or MgO in CO 2 hydrogenation. There are also several reports 6-10 that the presence of rare earth oxides like lanthanum and cerium exert an influence on various reactions over supported metal catalysts.…”

Promoter Effects on Iron–Silica Fischer–Tropsch Nanocatalysts: Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Lower Olefins and Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric Pressure

“…[10] Although the majority of research has focused on the formation of liquid HCs, [11] there is currently renewed interest in the formation of unsaturated C 2 -C 4 HCs. [12] Lower olefins are in high demand because they are the building blocks for polymers, solvents, drugs, cosmetics and detergents.…”