418. Carbon formation in flames

Parker, William G.; Wolfhard, H. G.

doi:10.1039/jr9500002038

Cited by 60 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…A similar "pyrolysis absorption" is observed in the flow-tube pyrolysis of pure hydrocarbons [9] a n d more recent investigation of this region shows that this absorption extends well into the visible portion of the spectrum [lo].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…the gas, we assume k' = Ko(+)1.7s (8) v = P r . t i (9) where Pr is the Prandtl number which typically takes a value around 0.80 for polyatomic gases [34]. For ethylene and nitrogen, the main constituents of the fuel side mixture in the regions of interest, tio is 0.12 and 0.22 cm2/sec respectively at 298 K. In the flame, the effective conductivity may be somewhat augmented by reaction.…”

Section: Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sooting Structure in a Laminar Diffusion Flame

Haynes

Wagner

1980

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Laser light scattering and extinction measurements are used to determine the soot loading and particle number density field in an under‐ventilated flat laminar ethylene‐air diffusion flame, in which particle oxidation is avoided. Soot occurs in a region a few millimetres wide 1 to 2 mm to the fuel side of the stoichiometric fuel‐air interface. The particle number density N is highest (N > 1012 cm−3) closest to the flame zone, where temperature and radical concentration are high, here the particles are generated and therefore very small (d < 40 Å), the soot volume fraction is low. Further into the fuel region, N falls sharply while the particles grow by surface growth and coagulation. The soot volume fraction first increases and then decreases again deep into the unburned fuel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Sooting Structure in a Laminar Diffusion Flame

Haynes

Wagner

1980

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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“…However, the key precursors leading to the formation of carbon particles have not been identified, and many of the questions concerning possible mechanisms posed long ago are still open (Parker and Wolfhard, 1950). Recently, experimental techniques have achieved steady gains in the study of molecular species by mass spectrometry (Bittner and Howard, 1981;Olson and Calcote, 1981) and particles by laser light scattering (D' Alessio et al, 1977;Kent et al, 1981;Prado et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Laser-Induced Ionization and Mobility Measurements of Very Small Particles in Premixed Flames at the Sooting Limit

Smyth

Mallard

1981

Combustion Science and Technology

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Laser-induced ionization signals are observed in a premixed C2H2/air flame at the sooting limit and are attributed to thermal ionization of very small particles. The mobilities of these species are derived from io n velocity measurements and compared with the mobility of Na! for identical flame conditions. From a series of measured mobil ities, estimates are made for the particle mass (2300-6100 amu) and diameter (1.6-2.2 nm) . This experimental method is thus a new optical means for probing the early stages of soot formation.

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“…Again they found this inversely proportional to pressure, and their explanation is that this is due purely to the effect of pressure on the diffusion coefficient (and hence mixing) as this is also inversely proportional to pressure. Parker and Wolfhard (1950) using acetylene flames at sub-atmospheric pressures found a low pressure limit below which carbon was not formed, and above which carbon formation increased with pressure. Their burner consisted of two concentric tubes with flow rates adjusted to give equal air and fuel velocities.…”

Section: Diffusion Flamesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soot Formation at High Pressures: A Literature Review

McARRAGHER

Tan

1972

Combustion Science and Technology

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A literature survey is presented on the effect of pressure on soot formation in flames.For continuous flames the main effect is an increase in soot formed proportional to P» where 1 < n < 3. However the reverse is true for gaseous explosions, as the soot yield decreases with pressure, presumably because t?e combustion products have a greaterchance to approach equilibriu".'. Diffusi?n fl,,;mes show a low p~essure limit below which soot does not occur, while for premixed flames the critical fuel/air ratio for soot formation IS found to be essentially independent of pressure, although the proportion of tarry materials may vary.

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418. Carbon formation in flames

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Sooting Structure in a Laminar Diffusion Flame

Sooting Structure in a Laminar Diffusion Flame

Laser-Induced Ionization and Mobility Measurements of Very Small Particles in Premixed Flames at the Sooting Limit

Soot Formation at High Pressures: A Literature Review

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