406 MHz ELT signal spectra for SARSAT

Vrckovnik, G.; Carter, C.R.

doi:10.1109/7.78313

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Upon receiving any beacon signal, they relay the distress message. COSPAS-SARSAT supports three different types of beacon systems, namely Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) [5], Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) [6], and Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersecurity of COSPAS-SARSAT and EPIRB: threat and attacker models, exploits, future research

Costin,

Turtiainen,

Khandkher

et al. 2023

Proceedings 2023 Workshop on Security of Space and Satellite Systems

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COSPAS-SARSAT is an International programme for "Search and Rescue" (SAR) missions based on the "Satellite Aided Tracking" system (SARSAT). It is designed to provide accurate, timely, and reliable distress alert and location data to help SAR authorities of participating countries to assist persons and vessels in distress. Two types of satellite constellations serve COSPAS-SARSAT, low earth orbit search and rescue (LEOSAR) and geostationary orbiting search and rescue (GEOSAR). Despite its nearly-global deployment and critical importance, unfortunately enough, we found that COSPAS-SARSAT protocols and standard 406 MHz transmissions lack essential means of cybersecurity.In this paper, we investigate the cybersecurity aspects of COSPAS-SARSAT space-/satellite-based systems. In particular, we practically and successfully implement and demonstrate the first (to our knowledge) attacks on COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz protocols, namely replay, spoofing, and protocol fuzzing on EPIRB protocols. We also identify a set of core research challenges preventing more effective cybersecurity research in the field and outline the main cybersecurity weaknesses and possible mitigations to increase the system's cybersecurity level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%