40 years of terrorist bombings – A meta-analysis of the casualty and injury profile

Edwards, D. M.; McMenemy, Louise; Stapley, S A; Patel, Hasu; Clasper, J

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.12.021

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The sources for these data are discussed in this subsection. Injuries are Table 1 because bombing injuries fall into four categories (Edwards et al 2016): primary blast pressured-induced (blast lung, tympanic membrane), secondary effects of projectiles (thorax, abdominal, head and neck, extremity, spine), tertiary (limb fracture, limb amputation), and quaternary (burns). In addition, in examining Table 1 it is clear that, for a given tactic, the overall percentage of injuries sustained can sum to a total that is greater than 100%.…”

Section: Injury Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yasin et al (2012) provide information from a 3-year study of 1296 multiple injuries from suicide bombing victims hospitalized in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Their study is relied on because the injury categorization is comparable to that in Edwards et al (2016). Suicide bombings differ significantly from conventional bombings in terms of both their mortality and injury profiles (Hicks et al 2011;Santifort-Jordan and Sandler 2014).…”

Section: Injury Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the human consequences of terrorism

Arce

2018

Public Choice

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Terrorist attacks are regarded as low-probability, highly consequential events. What, exactly, are the significant effects of terrorism? This paper presents a cross-sectional depiction of the death and injury profiles for nine of the most violent terrorism tactics: six types of bombings, mass shootings, combined shootings and explosions, and intentional vehicular assaults. By constructing a composite injury and death profile for each tactic under study, terrorist incidents can be ranked in terms of the number of disability adjusted lives lost and disability adjusted life years lost. In addition, the human consequences of terrorism as a whole (on an annual basis) are placed in context relative to the global burden of disease and counterterror expenditures.

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Section: Injury Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Injury Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

On the human consequences of terrorism

Arce

2018

Public Choice

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“…Depending on the situation, civilians with no kind of protective clothing can have injuries of any part of the body (5). In the first 10 min after injury (the "platinum 10 minutes"), the victims are in danger of the typical, avoidable immediately life-threatening complications (Figure) (9).…”

Section: Initial Phase and Prehospital Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The management and treatment of this class of injuries is resource-intensive and afflicted by complications (4,5). If certain criteria are fulfilled or the clinical condition of the patients is critical, the therapeutic modus operandi according to the principles of damage control surgery (DCS), developed for the management of gunshot and blast injuries in the military context, can be recommended for the care of civilian victims (6, 7, e1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Aid and Hospital Treatment of Gunshot and Blast Injuries

Franke¹,

Bieler²,

Friemert³

et al. 2017

Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

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In mass-casualty events and special casualty situations, mortality can be lowered by treating immediately life-threatening complications as rapidly as possible. This includes the early identification of patients with lifethreatening hemorrhage. Advance preparation for the management of a masscasualty event is advisable so that the outcome can be as favorable as possible for all of the injured in special or tactical casualty situations.

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“…Explosive incidents continue to be an enduring threat both abroad, and closer to home, with affected casualties sustaining a high injury burden and often fatal wounding patterns 1. They are no longer confined to the military environment, and the resulting injury patterns can be complex, and diverse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment at the time of injury determines injury patterns in pelvic blast

2018

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The use of explosives by terrorists, or during armed conflict, remains a major global threat. Increasingly, these events occur in the civilian domain, and can potentially lead to injury and loss of life, on a very large scale. The environment at the time of detonation is known to result in different injury patterns in casualties exposed to blast, which is highly relevant to injury mitigation analyses. We describe differences in pelvic injury patterns in relation to different environments, from casualties that presented to the deployed UK military hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan. A casualty on foot when injured typically sustains an unstable pelvic fracture pattern, which is commonly the cause of death. These casualties die from blood loss, meaning treatment in these should focus on early pelvic haemorrhage control. In contrast, casualties injured in vehicle present a different pattern, possibly caused by direct loading via the seat, which does not result in pelvic instability. Fatalities in this cohort are from injuries to other body regions, in particular the head and the torso and who may require urgent neurosurgery or thoracotomy as life-saving interventions. A different strategy is therefore required for mounted and dismounted casualties in order to increase survivors.

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40 years of terrorist bombings – A meta-analysis of the casualty and injury profile

Cited by 76 publications

References 50 publications

On the human consequences of terrorism

On the human consequences of terrorism

The First Aid and Hospital Treatment of Gunshot and Blast Injuries

Environment at the time of injury determines injury patterns in pelvic blast

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