40 Gbit/s transmission over 202 km of standard fibre using midspan spectral inversion

Theory of nondegenerate four-wave mixing between pulses in a semiconductor waveguide

“…Given the real electric field , the slowly varying envelope is defined as (1) where is the reference optical frequency and is the wavenumber determined by the background refractive . In [19], the following propagation equation is derived for the slowly varying envelope field :…”

“…Dispersion compensation using midspan spectral inversion [1], wavelength conversion [2], [3], and demultiplexing of high-bit-rate time-division multiplexed pulse trains [4] are important examples of all-optical signal processing techniques based on FWM, which have been experimentally demonstrated to have a significant potential in future broadband optical networks. In addition, FWM has shown to be a useful spectroscopic technique for investigating the physical origin of ultrafast nonlinearities in active semiconductor waveguides [5]- [8].…”

Long-Haul Fiber Transmission Using Optical Phase Conjugation

“…A semiconductor amplifier [15,17,19,41], a laser diode [42], and a DSF [12-14, 16, 18, 24] have been employed so far as phase conjugators in the experiments.…”

“…The effectiveness of this method in high-speed fiber transmissions has been demonstrated with a phase conjugator using parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) [13][14][15]. Demonstration of ultra-short pulse recovery using OPC [16] shows that the method is applicable to ultra-high-speed systems [17]. It should be noted that compensation using OPC is transparent as it compensates for both positive and negtive GVD and its effects do not depend on the optical modulation format [18].…”

Extending Transmission Distance Limitation for a 40 Gb/s Signal over Standard Fiber Using Optical Phase-Conjugation

“…A further increase in transmission distance can be done by using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or some other techniques [4]. Recently, 40 Gb/s signal transmission over 202 km standard fiber was demonstrated experimentally using a midway optical phase conjugation (OPC), and this experiment showed that a lower penalty was obtained even compared to the soliton system [5]. Therefore, OPC seems to be a very promising technique.…”