40 Gbit/s polarisation-insensitive and wavelength-independent InP Mach-Zehnder modulator for all-optical regeneration

Mitigation of Rayleigh backscattering in 10-Gb/s downstream and 25-Gb/s upstream DWDM 100-km long-reach PONs

“…By performing the similar mathematical analysis as above, the E-field at the upper phase modulator of MZM 2 ( Fig. 2(e) (11) This can be illustrated in the schematic optical spectra shown in Fig. 2(f).…”

“…It was electrically driven by a 10 GHz RF up-converted 2.5 Gb/s NRZ signal at pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) 2 31 -1 in-phase and quadrature-phase respectively as described in section 3. Semiconductor based modulator could be more practical in real network implementation [11]. Another SOA with similar characteristics was used at the DP-MZM output to compensate the modulator loss.…”

Analogue Microwave Fibre‐Optic Link Design

“…Since the latter half of the 1990s, however, MZI modulators have also been demonstrated in lower-cost polymeric materials [25,26]. In addition, MZI modulators can be, and have been, fabricated in semiconductors like GaAs and InP [27,28]. A semiconductor MZI modulator is most inexpensively integrated with a semiconductor laser source.…”

Rayleigh noise mitigation in DWDM LR-PONs using carrier suppressed subcarrier-amplitude modulated phase shift keying

“…4. The proof of concept experiments used commercially available LiNbO 3 MZMs, but alterative schemes using polarization insensitive semiconductor modulators could be more practical [12]. Figure 4 shows the experimental optical spectra of the CW carrier, the CSS-AMPSK modulated signal and the same signal after filtering using the offset-AWG.…”