4. The child's response to coercive bowel training

Incontinence fécale fonctionnelle chez l’enfant

“…Un comportement de rétention joue un rôle important dans la survenue et/ ou la persistance d'une constipation. Le moment de l'apprentissage de la propreté paraît être une période critique où la constipation peut survenir à titre de conséquence d'une lutte entre l'enfant et ses parents [14] . Il est intéres-sant de noter que Borowitz et coll.…”

Incontinencia fecal funcional en niños

“…El comportamiento de retención desempeña un papel importante en el desarrollo y/o la persistencia del estreñimiento. Se cree que el momento de adiestramiento del retrete es un pe- riodo crítico en el que puede aparecer el estreñimiento como consecuencia del forcejeo entre el niño y sus padres [14] . Conviene destacar que Borowitz y cols.…”

A Study of Training in Voluntary Control of Urination in a Group of Problem Children

“…consideration is the importance of_ managing the' training at a time and in a manner which would obviate insofar as possible the precipitation and* crystallization of undesirable emotional reactions which might lead to faulty emotional adjustment.. and ultimate damage to the personality. The increasing body of knowledge which is accumulating as the result of the study of behavior in the infancy period by child psychiatrists (10,22,30) and the psychoanalysis of preschool children (20) leave no doubt as to the importance of behavior patterns in infancy for the later personality structure of the individual.…”

“…It includes a survey of the age at which training was started, the age when dryness was achieved, the methods employed in teaching control of the bladder and the child's response to these experiences. The investigation is based on historical data secured in the cases of 215 problem children and is a parallel study to that on bowel training recently published in this JourrVal (20), covering approximately the same group of patients. .The data for both studies were secured simultaneously in the course of psychiatric consultations in a pediatrics out-patient department in the cases of children referred because of problems such as conduct disorders, motor disturbances (restlessness, tics, body manipulations, speech disturbances), physical symptoms thought to be functional, and mental symptoms such as pathological fear and failure in school work though the intelligence was adequate.…”