4-Terminal CPV module capable of converting global normal irradiance into electricity

Martı́nez, J. C.; Steiner, Marc; Wiesenfarth, Maike; Dimroth, Frank

doi:10.1063/1.5053543

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On urban streets and in atrium spaces, these modules will block only the hot direct sunlight and provide comfortable diffuse sunlight (blue sky) beneath. In addition, this module design can be applied to the CPV/PV hybrid architecture (also referred to as CPV+ or partial CPV), in which high‐efficiency solar cells, for example, III‐V MJ solar cells, receive most of the concentrated direct sunlight while auxiliary low‐cost cells, for example, Si solar cells, placed beneath/around the high‐efficiency cells capture the diffuse sunlight and/or a part of the direct sunlight for maximization of power generation from the GNI …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this module design can be applied to the CPV/PV hybrid architecture (also referred to as CPV+ or partial CPV), in which high-efficiency solar cells, for example, III-V MJ solar cells, receive most of the concentrated direct sunlight while auxiliary low-cost cells, for example, Si solar cells, placed beneath/around the high-efficiency cells capture the diffuse sunlight and/or a part of the direct sunlight for maximization of power generation from the GNI. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In future studies, we intend to perform targeted outdoor field tests on the tracker array scale to evaluate the performance of the modules during practical use as well as their long-term reliability. The effects of tracker array installations on crop/plant growth will be examined with respect to their suitability for agricultural applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and testing of highly transparent concentrator photovoltaic modules for efficient dual‐land‐use applications

Sato

Yamada

2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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Two types of highly transparent concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules that separately utilize direct sunlight and diffuse sunlight for efficient dual‐land‐use applications were designed and tested. The type A module, comprising a typical‐scale CPV lens and solar cells, has a completely direct‐diffuse‐separated design for power generation and other solar applications. On the other hand, the type B module, consisting of a microscale CPV lens and solar cells, was designed to increase the amount of direct sunlight transmitted based on an intentional reduction in the ratio of the lens aperture area to the module aperture area. In experiments, both modules exhibit higher electricity yields and module‐transmitted irradiances (MTIs) than those of a conventional partially transparent flat photovoltaic module with 17% efficiency Si solar cells. Furthermore, the modules show direct normal irradiance‐based efficiencies of 26.7% (type A) and 18.5% (type B) while simultaneously showing MTI‐to‐global normal irradiance ratios of 15.3%‐63.7% (type A) and 38.0%‐63.8% (type B) under various irradiance conditions. Thus, an irradiance of at least 160 W/m2 under the modules can be achieved even when they are arrayed without gaps (at a ground coverage ratio = 1).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and testing of highly transparent concentrator photovoltaic modules for efficient dual‐land‐use applications

Sato

Yamada

2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Martinez et al showed in Ref. 216 that the silicon solar cell also works as a heat spreader and the metal distributor can be replaced. For this concept, bifacial silicon cells mounted to a glass rear plate are also suggested.…”

Section: Utilizing the Diffuse Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the design of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules to achieve highest efficiencies

Wiesenfarth

Antón

Bett

2018

Applied Physics Reviews

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Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) is a special high efficiency system technology in the world of PV-technologies. The idea of CPV is to use optical light concentrators to increase the incident power on solar cells. The solar cell area is comparatively tiny, thus saving expensive semiconductor materials and allowing the use of more sophisticated and more costly multi-junction solar cells. The highest CPV module efficiency achieved is 38.9%. This CPV module uses four-junction III-Vbased solar cells. Moreover, mini-modules have already achieved an efficiency of 43.4%. The interaction between optics, cells, and layout of the module and tracker determines the overall field performance. Today, some utility scale CPV plants are installed. The CPV technology allows for many technical solutions for system designs and for optimizing performance while maintaining the economics. This paper will review the achievements and discuss the challenges for the CPV module technology and its components. We discuss the different components and the most important effects regarding the module design. Furthermore, we present the module designs that have shown the highest efficiencies.

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“…Additionally, the improved hybrid submodule generates 10% more power if the c‐Si cell is operated bifacially instead of only mono‐facially . In the same size category, we built a hybrid CPV submodule ( A =144 cm 2 , C geo =226x), which we named EyeCon , using silicone‐on‐glass (SoG) Fresnel lenses and 4J solar cells mechanically stacked on the surface of an IBC c‐Si cell that also acts as the heat distributor. We showed that at a high DNI/GNI of 90%, efficiencies as high as 36.8% are possible, and that at an average DNI/GNI of 57%, the Si cell increases the CPV output by up to 30.6% rel .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and outdoor characterization of a hybrid bifacial HCPV module

Martı́nez

Steiner

Wiesenfarth

et al. 2020

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Conversion of direct, diffuse, and albedo irradiance into electricity is demonstrated with a new kind of hybrid bifacial high‐concentration photovoltaic module named bifacial EyeCon. It consists of Fresnel lenses that concentrate the direct sunlight 321x onto III‐V triple‐junction solar cells that are mounted on the front surface of p‐PERC bifacial c‐Si cells. Thus, the Si absorbs the front and rear diffuse irradiance. Because III‐V and Si cells are electrically isolated (hence a 4‐terminal device) but thermally coupled by a dielectric adhesive, Si also acts as a heat distributing substrate. To accommodate the concentrator cells, we adapted the metallization layout and also optimized it for low intensity, ie, 200 W/m2 on the front and 100 W/m2 on the rear, using finite element network simulation. Additionally, when the concentrator cells are mounted on a bifacial Si cell instead of a metal heat distributor, their operating temperature is 16 K higher. However, we demonstrate with outdoor measurements that the power output of the bifacial EyeCon module reaches up to 326 W/m2 when the direct to global irradiance ratio is 92%. At a lower fraction of 70% the bifacial Si cells augment the power output of the III‐V string by 19%rel

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4-Terminal CPV module capable of converting global normal irradiance into electricity

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Design and testing of highly transparent concentrator photovoltaic modules for efficient dual‐land‐use applications

Design and testing of highly transparent concentrator photovoltaic modules for efficient dual‐land‐use applications

Challenges in the design of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules to achieve highest efficiencies

Development and outdoor characterization of a hybrid bifacial HCPV module

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