4‐Phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazide Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Heavy Metal Removal

Abstract

A novel magnetic nano‐adsorbent has been synthesized by the covalent immobilization of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and a ligating agent 4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazide (TSC) on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The SEM images showed that the diameters of the Fe3O4@PAA@TSC MNPs are about 40–60 nm. The ability of the Fe3O4@PAA@TSC MNPs for removing heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Co2+) from aqueous solution was studied and the effects of the pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, and background electrolytes on the adsorption characteristics of the modified MNPs were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were found to be 181.1, 125.0, 86.2, 67.1, and 57.8 mg g−1, respectively. Excellent adsorption capacity of the modified nano‐adsorbent together with other advantages such as reusability, easy synthesis, easy separation and more specially freedom of interferences of alkaline earth metal ions make them suitable alternatives to the well‐known adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastes.

Adsorption isotherms, kinetic, and desorption studies on removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions by polymeric adsorbent

“…Synthetic chelating ion exchange resins are receiving considerable attention because of their application in different areas such as the removal of toxic metals, heterogeneous catalysis, solid electrolytes, ion exchange membrane, ion selective electrode, and purification of drinking water and industrial wastewaters . In recent years, the development of high performance adsorbents in nanoscale for removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions and other applications is considered a research priority in the wide fields . Nanotechnology has been able to deliver a wide range of new materials.…”

Facile preparation of magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide for adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution

“…The magnetism modification of chitosan can be effectively used for solid‐liquid separation and regeneration of the adsorbents in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater . The functionalization of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles with thiosemicarbazide (TSC) can introduce more nitrogen and sulfur binding sites to the adsorbents, which can chelate heavy metal ions via coordination reaction and improve the adsorption capacity …”

Novel magnetic polyamic hydrazide nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization, and application for the removal of cd2+ and pb2+ from industrial wastes

“…Chemical and physical properties (such as charge, size, and bonding ability) of the pollutant particles determine the chemical structures of the active sites. 16,17 For the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, commonly, the active sites include the functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine, sulfide, thiol, and amide. 18,19 It have been demonstrated that nanocomposites containing active sites with soft-donor groups such as amine and sulfide are one of the best choices for effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.…”

“…18,19 It have been demonstrated that nanocomposites containing active sites with soft-donor groups such as amine and sulfide are one of the best choices for effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. 16,17 These nanoadsorbents form reversible complexes with heavy metal cations and, hence, can remove them in the presence of interfering species such as phosphate anions and alkaline earth metal cations. 16,18 Interfering ions can occupy active sites of the adsorbents and, hence, reduce their capacity for the removal of target ions.…”

“…In addition, the XRD patterns of the Fe3 O 4 MNPs and Fe 3 O 4 @PAH nanocomposite have same peak positions, indicating that during nanocomposite preparation the phase of the Fe 3 O 4 MNPs does not change. Direct immobilization of PAH on the surface of the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles poses significant advantage over the previously reported methods for modification of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles 16,17. Because, polyacrylic acid is not used in the modification of Fe 3 O 4 -PAH method, and hence the obtained Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanocomposite, Fe 3 O 4 @PAH is completely stable in water.…”