4. Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, and Vaccination

Ogra, Pearay L.; Giebink, G. Scott; Barenkamp, Stephen J.; DeMaria, Thomas F.; Juhn, Steven K.; Shurin, Paul A.; Andersson, Bengt; Bernstein, Joel; Brinton, Charles C.; Diven, Warren F.; Howie, Virgil M.; Karma, Pekka; Klein, David L.; Mogi, Goro; Nylén, O; Pelton, Steven I.; Prellner, Karin; Ryan, Allen F.; Rynnel-Dagöö, Britta; Sakakura, Yasuo; Sipilä, Pekka

doi:10.1177/00034894890980s408

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Eustachian tube dysfunction does not adequately explain the pathology of otitis media with effusion (OME) nor can adenoids acting as a direct obstruction 3 . However, evidence for an inflammatory process continues to increase 4 . The initial stimulus for the inflammatory process is probably multifactorial, although there is evidence that the various stimuli act through a common pathway, namely the cytokine cascade 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Differences Between Bilateral Middle Ear Effusions in Otitis Media With Effusion: Evidence for a Different Etiology?

et al. 1997

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The aim of this study was to clarify the site of primary pathology in otitis media with effusion. Effusions were collected from 64 children with bilateral effusions at the time of myringotomy. The rheological properties and biochemical compositions of effusions were measured for 23 pairs of effusions, and the levels of the inflammatory mediators TNF alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 were measured in 41 pairs using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Measurements from paired ears were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests and significant differences were found for reduced specific viscosity, mucin content, protein content, and levels of IL-8. The results demonstrate that the two ears have different immunological processes or rates of processes which might explain the significantly different rheological properties of effusions. This suggests that each ear undergoes pathological changes independently and has implications for using the opposite ear as a control in clinical trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Differences Between Bilateral Middle Ear Effusions in Otitis Media With Effusion: Evidence for a Different Etiology?

et al. 1997

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“…The evidence to support an infective aetiology is that there is a strong relationship between the acute bacterial otitis media and OME. OME occurs in between 23% and 67% of patients after an episode of AOM, 83 and conversely in children with OME, 50% will have had definite clinical evidence of a preceding episode of AOM 84 . In addition, the organisms, when identified in AOM and OME, are similar.…”

Section: Antibiotics In Omementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases of AOM, culture is negative in between 15% and 56% 83 . This may reflect the case that some are viral, some are secondary to known bacteria that failed to grow in the conditions used in the time tested or had entered a non‐culturable state and some are as yet unidentified pathogens lacking suitable culture methods.…”

Section: Antibiotics In Omementioning

confidence: 99%

Is otitis media with effusion a biofilm infection?

et al. 2004

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Recent attention has focused on the possibility that otitis media with effusion (OME) may represent a chronic infective state such as those evidenced in conditions secondary to biofilms or small colony variants. This review discusses the evidence suggesting that this may indeed be the case and explains why this may prove to be important in the future management of this condition by discussing recent advances in understanding these bacterial phenotypic variants.

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Pro-inflammatory interleukins in middle ear effusions from atopic and non-atopic children with chronic otitis media with effusion

Zielnik-Jurkiewicz

Stankiewicz-Szymczak

2015

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is associated with irreversible changes in the middle ear, sometimes leading to hearing loss and abnormal language development in children. While the pathogenesis of OME is not fully understood, inflammatory and allergic factors are thought to be involved. The study aimed to investigate the role of cytokines in the local development of chronic OME, and assess differences in the cytokine profiles between atopic and non-atopic children. 84 atopic and non-atopic children with chronic OME (mean age of 6 years 7 months) were studied. Age-matched children with hypertrophy of the adenoids and Eustachian tube dysfunction served as the control group. The number of past acute otitis media (AOM) episodes, their age, and the type of effusion were recorded for all children. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) were determined and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the patients' effusions was examined. High concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were found in the effusions in all children with chronic OME, with the highest levels observed in the non-atopic group. The atopic group showed persistently high IL-1β levels, while in the non-atopic children, IL-1β and TNF-α levels positively correlated with the patient's age and the number of past AOM episodes. Pathogenic bacteria were more frequently isolated from effusions in non-atopic children. In both atopic and non-atopic children, pro-inflammatory cytokines are found at high concentrations. This argues in favor of instituting anti-inflammatory management for treating OME, regardless of atopy.

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4. Microbiology, Immunology, Biochemistry, and Vaccination

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Compositional Differences Between Bilateral Middle Ear Effusions in Otitis Media With Effusion: Evidence for a Different Etiology?

Compositional Differences Between Bilateral Middle Ear Effusions in Otitis Media With Effusion: Evidence for a Different Etiology?

Is otitis media with effusion a biofilm infection?

Pro-inflammatory interleukins in middle ear effusions from atopic and non-atopic children with chronic otitis media with effusion

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