4. Merging microbial and plant profiling to understand the impact of human-generated extreme environments on natural and agricultural systems

Howard, Mia M.; Kaminsky, Laura M.; Kessler, André; Bell, Terrence H.

doi:10.1515/9783110525786-004

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In this study, we characterised changes in the herbivore resistance of S. altissima and its rhizosphere microbial communities over early old‐field succession in a large‐scale, manipulated chronosequence field experiment. We then examined the functional effects of these microbial shifts on S. altissima herbivore resistance phenotypes in a microbiome transfer experiment (Howard et al , ) with plants grown in a glasshouse. We predicted that the herbivore resistance of S. altissima plants would increase over succession, along with shifts in the microbial communities colonising S. altissima rhizospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in plant–microbe interactions over community succession and their effects on plant resistance to herbivores

2020

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Soil microorganisms can influence the development of complex plant phenotypes, including resistance to herbivores. This microbiome-mediated plasticity may be particularly important for plant species that persist in environments with drastically changing herbivore pressure, for example over community succession.We established a 15-yr gradient of old-field succession to examine the herbivore resistance and rhizosphere microbial communities of Solidago altissima plants in a large-scale field experiment. To assess the functional effects of these successional microbial shifts, we inoculated S. altissima plants with microbiomes from the 2 nd , 6 th and 15 th successional years in a glasshouse and compared their herbivore resistance.The resistance of S. altissima plants to herbivores changed over succession, with concomitant shifts in the rhizosphere microbiome. Late succession microbiomes conferred the strongest herbivore resistance to S. altissima plants in a glasshouse experiment, paralleling the low levels of herbivory observed in the oldest communities in the field. While many factors change over succession and may contribute to the shifts in rhizosphere communities and herbivore resistance we observed, our results indicated that soil microbial shifts alone can alter plants' interactions with herbivores. Our findings suggest that changes in soil microbial communities over succession can play an important role in enhancing plant resistance to herbivores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in plant–microbe interactions over community succession and their effects on plant resistance to herbivores

2020

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“…Thus, the use of the soil microbiome can be considered the most beneficial and long-term solution to the problems of soil degradation, fertilizer pollution, and food security [4]. Agricultural land development fundamentally alters the soil microbiome and carries long-term negative consequences for ecosystem productivity [5]. Long-term monoculture cultivation can lead to the accumulation of soil pathogens, reducing plant resistance against insect pests [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microbiome of Abandoned Plaggic Podzol of Different-Aged Fallow Lands and Native Podzol in South Taiga (Leningrad Region)

Lavrishchev,

Litvinovich,

Abakumov

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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The soil microbiome is composed of various communities that play an important role in the existence of ecosystem services and the sustainable functioning of ecosystems under high anthropogenic loads. The transition of soils to a fallow state and their subsequent transformation lead to a notable alteration in the taxonomic composition of the soil microbiome, impacting the biochemical processes within the soil and its fertility levels. The object of this study comprised different-aged fallow soils of the southern taiga in the vicinity of Ban’kovo village, Leningrad region. The method comprising the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments using an Illumina MiSEQ sequencer was used to analyze the microbial community. The general processing of sequences was carried out with the dada2 (v1.14.1) package. It was found that the morphological organization of fallow soils has significant differences from the native podzol. In fallow soils, there are signs of leaching expressed in the accumulation of leached mineral particles, which indicates the degradation of the fallow–arable horizon. At the same time, there is a decrease in the content of P2O5 and K2O and an increase in the content of N-NH4 and N-NO3 in fallow soil. The analysis of alpha diversity index values showed that the highest level of alpha diversity in the microbial community is characteristic of 40-year-old soil, the alpha diversity index decreased with the increasing time of the fallow state, and the lowest alpha diversity index was observed in the native podzol. According to the values of the beta diversity index, a high correlation between the soil microbiome and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil was revealed, which indicates the formation of functional specialization in the studied microbial communities. As a result of the study of the taxonomic composition of microbial communities in fallow soils, it was found that the most represented microbial communities in fallow soils belong to Nitrosomonadaceae (Pseudomonadota), Mycobacterium (Actinobacteria), Nitrospira (Nitrospirota), and Luteolibacter (Verrucomicrobiota). The duration of post-agrogenic transformation is the leading factor influencing the changes in microbial communities; so, with an increase in the time that soils were in a fallow state, an increase in the oligotrophic microbial community was observed.

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“…Agricultural cultivation alters soil conditions, which can have long-term negative consequences for plant performance. These disturbances can be caused by multiple conventional practices such as tillage and fertilizer application (reviewed in Howard et al, 2019) and greater agricultural intensification (i.e., conventional versus organic farming) has been associated with lower levels of beneficial soil microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and decreased complexity of fungal networks (Banerjee et al, 2019). In some cases, continuous cultivation of crop monocultures can result in the build-up of pathogens in the soil, which is often implicated as a causal agent of "replant disease", reducing yields of a broad range of crops from annuals, such as maize, to tree fruits (Traquair, 1984;Bennett et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microbiomes From Fallow Fields Have Species-Specific Effects on Crop Growth and Pest Resistance

et al. 2020

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Communities of microorganisms in the soil can affect plants' growth and interactions with aboveground herbivores. Thus, there is growing interest in utilizing soil microbiomes to improve plant performance in agriculture (e.g., for pest control), but little is known about the phenotypic responses of various crop species to different microbiomes. In this study, we inoculated four crop species from different botanical families, maize (Zea mays, Poaceae), cucumber (Cucumis sativus, Cucurbitaceae), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Solanaceae), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa, Asteraceae), with diverse soil microbiomes originating from actively-managed agricultural fields or fallow fields under varying stages of succession (1, 3, and 16-years post-agriculture) sourced from a large-scale field experiment. We compared the crops' responses to these different microbiomes by assessing their growth and resistance to two generalist insect pests, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). These different microbiomes affected both plant growth and resistance, but the effects were species-specific. For instance, lettuce produced the largest leaves when inoculated with a 3-year fallow microbiome, the microbiome in which cucumber performed worst. Plants were generally more resistant to T. ni when inoculated with the later succession microbiomes, particularly in contrast to those treated with agricultural microbiomes. However, for tomato plants, the opposite pattern was observed with regard to S. frugiperda resistance. Collectively, these results indicate that plant responses to microbiomes are species-specific and emphasize the need to characterize the responses of taxonomically diverse plant species to different microbiomes.

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4. Merging microbial and plant profiling to understand the impact of human-generated extreme environments on natural and agricultural systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Shifts in plant–microbe interactions over community succession and their effects on plant resistance to herbivores

Shifts in plant–microbe interactions over community succession and their effects on plant resistance to herbivores

Soil Microbiome of Abandoned Plaggic Podzol of Different-Aged Fallow Lands and Native Podzol in South Taiga (Leningrad Region)

Soil Microbiomes From Fallow Fields Have Species-Specific Effects on Crop Growth and Pest Resistance

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