4. Farmer to farmer: The Ometepe Project, Nicaragua

Holt-Giménez, Eric; Mora, Olivier; Alders, C.; Haverkort, Bertus; Veldhuizen, L. van

doi:10.3362/9781780445328.004

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Lack of data on other agroecological programmes in Nicaragua makes comparison with the PCAC statistically impossible. However, a number of researchers (Holt-Gimenez and Cruz-Mora, 1993;Holt-Gimenez, 1996aRocha, 2002) believe the programme to be the most successful of its kind in Nicaragua in terms of its membership, geographical reach and innovative methodology.…”

Section: Campesinos' Organization Against All Oddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potentials and constraints of the farmer‐to‐farmer programme for environmental protection in Nicaragua

Hawkesworth

Perez

2003

Land Degrad Dev

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The natural environment in Nicaragua has been damaged by rural development policies geared for the export of cash crops, by uneven land distribution and the near absence of concerns about the environmental effects of the prevailing model of development. The demands made by market forces for the export of primary materials have been reasons for land degradation in the big farms, and the need to survive a poverty stricken existence has forced the peasantry to damage the marginal and fragile land they worked. Successive governments did not address these underlying causes of environmental degradation, and even the opportunities afforded by the environment programme that resulted from the 1979 Sandinista revolution, did not result in significant environmental improvements. The paper briefly considers the constraints faced by the Sandinista administration and how the farmer-to-farmer programme (Campesino-a-Campesino) was brought about as a result of the impacts of the Sandinista era. The substantive part of the paper considers PCAC's significance as an agroecological programme and its advantages and limitations for improving peasants' livelihoods via dissemination of land-protective measures. The viability of the programme is assessed by field work carried out examining in detail the case of three communities, and the paper concludes that the gains made in environmental protection and conservation are in jeopardy without structural policy changes. The paper proposes that for the programme to improve its potential, adequate political will, power and organization are necessary to facilitate greater access to secure land tenure among the peasantry.

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Section: Campesinos' Organization Against All Oddsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UNAG's links to //// / campesino organizations in the region resulted in the farmer-to-farmer methodology being transferred to Nicaragua in 1988 (Holt-Gimenez andCruz-Mora, 1993;UNAG, 1991UNAG, , 1995a.…”

Section: The Limits Of the Revolution And The Sarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials and constraints of the farmer‐to‐farmer programme for environmental protection in Nicaragua

Hawkesworth

Perez

2003

Land Degrad Dev

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Putting the community back in community ecology and education: the role of field schools and private reserves in the ethical training of primatologists

Garber

Molina²,

Molina³

2010

American J Primatol

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In 1993 and 1999, with the assistance of a Nicaraguan family, we founded La Suerte Biological Research Station in northeastern Costa Rica and Ometepe Biological Research Station in southern Nicaragua as a privately owned conservation-oriented business. Our goal was to develop a program of sustainable community ecology focused on education, research, and the conservation of primates and tropical forests. In order to accomplish this we developed field courses in which undergraduate and graduate students conduct scientific research, experience local cultures, and learn about conservation. Over 120 of these students have received doctoral degrees or are currently in graduate programs. Four doctoral dissertations, several MA theses, and some 20 scientific articles have been published based on research conducted at our field stations. In order to achieve our long-term goals of preserving the environment, we also needed to engage directly with local communities to address their needs and concerns. To this end, we developed a series of community-based initiatives related to health care, bilingual education, and conservation education using traditional and on-line teaching tools. In this article, we describe our efforts in Costa Rica and Nicaragua teaching conservation-oriented field courses and working with the local human communities. Building upon these experiences, we outline a set of ethical considerations and responsibilities for private reserves, conservation-oriented businesses, NGOs, and conservancies that help integrate members of the local community as stakeholders in conservation.

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Volunteer farmer-trainer motivations in East Africa: practical implications for enhancing farmer-to-farmer extension

Kiptot

Karuhanga

Franzel

et al. 2016

International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability

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Farmer-to-farmer extension (FFE) has received considerable interest in developing countries due to a decline in government extension services. There are, however, questions as to how FFE can be improved to enhance effectiveness and sustainability of the approach. One area that may hold the key is to understand volunteer farmer-trainer (VFT) motivations. Informal and formal interviews were held with VFTs in a smallholder dairy development project in Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. Data were collected on the reasons why VFTs became trainers and why they continue to train. Findings of the study showed that VFTs were motivated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These factors are not static; they change over time. Gaining knowledge and skills as well as altruism were found to be the most important motivating factors for becoming trainers in the three countries. However, a few years after becoming trainers, income earned from selling inputs and specialized services associated with training was an important motivating factor to VFTs in Kenya. In Uganda gaining knowledge and skills remained the most important whereas in Rwanda, a new motivation, increased demand for training, was the most important reason for continuing to train. These findings point to the fact that the general reasons that motivate VFTs irrespective of context are similar; however, the importance attached to motivations is context specific. These motivations can provide insights into which incentives can be enhanced to improve effectiveness and sustainability of FFE.Keywords: farmer-to-farmer extension; volunteer farmer trainers; fodder innovations; East Africa; motivation; sustainability Introduction Following the decline of government extension services in developing countries, low-cost community-based extension approaches have been developed to deliver technologies, help empower farmers to improve their capacities and, in addition, facilitate farmers to organize themselves for service provision and marketing (David, 2007). These extension approaches are demand driven, client oriented, cost effective and efficient (Kiptot & Franzel, 2014;Lukuyu, Place, Franzel, & Kiptot, 2012;Wellard, Rafanomezana, Nyirenda, Okotel, & Subbey, 2013). Farmers are placed at the centre of knowledge generation and dissemination processes. These approaches work on the assumption that farmers have the ability to spread innovations effectively due to their local knowledge, use of the local # 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. * Corresponding author. Email: e.kiptot@cgiar.org International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 2016 Vol. 14, No....

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4. Farmer to farmer: The Ometepe Project, Nicaragua

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Potentials and constraints of the farmer‐to‐farmer programme for environmental protection in Nicaragua

Potentials and constraints of the farmer‐to‐farmer programme for environmental protection in Nicaragua

Putting the community back in community ecology and education: the role of field schools and private reserves in the ethical training of primatologists

Volunteer farmer-trainer motivations in East Africa: practical implications for enhancing farmer-to-farmer extension

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