4-E (environmental, economic, energetic and exergetic) analysis of slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic waste

Torres, Erick; Rodriguez-Ortiz, Leandro; Zalazar, Daniela; Echegaray, Marcelo; Rodríguez, Rosa; Zhang, Huili; Mazza, Germán

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.07.147

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Similar research efforts on reducing the CO 2 emissions from thermal processes were also presented for different fields, with a specific target of CO 2 modeling, such as in a large-scale coal-fired thermal power plant [24], in integrated processing of liquified natural gas [25], in a multigeneration cascade system [26], in the pyrolysis reaction of lignocellulosic waste [27], or through the integration of rigid porous high-temperature filters in thermal processes [28], among others.…”

Section: Moldenauer Et Al [23]mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Zhang

Nie

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The steel industry represents about 7% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to the high use of fossil fuels. The CO2-lean direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is considered to offer a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions, and this direct reduction of Fe2O3 powder is investigated in this research. The H2 reduction reaction kinetics and fluidization characteristics of fine and cohesive Fe2O3 particles were examined in a vibrated fluidized bed reactor. A smooth bubbling fluidization was achieved. An increase in external force due to vibration slightly increased the pressure drop. The minimum fluidization velocity was nearly independent of the operating temperature. The yield of the direct H2-driven reduction was examined and found to exceed 90%, with a maximum of 98% under the vibration of ~47 Hz with an amplitude of 0.6 mm, and operating temperatures close to 500 °C. Towards the future of direct steel ore reduction, cheap and “green” hydrogen sources need to be developed. H2 can be formed through various techniques with the catalytic decomposition of NH3 (and CH4), methanol and ethanol offering an important potential towards production cost, yield and environmental CO2 emission reductions.

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Section: Moldenauer Et Al [23]mentioning

confidence: 92%

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Zhang

Nie

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…In this sense, the bio-wastes can be converted into energetic products through thermochemical processes [2,4]. Pyrolysis is a suitable bio-waste transformation because of the selectivity of products, scalability, and adaptability [5]. Pyrolysis is carried out under inert gas like nitrogen, where the lignocellulosic feedstock is subjected to specific settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Slow-Pyrolysis Simulation of 12 Lignocellulosic Bio-wastes: CO₂ Emission, Energy, and Water Consumption

Zalazar-García

Fernandez

Rodriguez-Ortiz

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The development and increase of the agro-industrial activity generate bio-waste that represents significant quantities and causes environmental impacts, as residual effluents and solid wastes. These bio-wastes can be converted into different products through the pyrolysis processes (biochar, bio-oil, and gas). In this work, the pyrolysis at 673, 773, and 873 K of 12 types of bio-waste characterized by their elemental composition was assessed through the simulation process. Cape Open to Cape Open Simulator (COCO) free software was used in simulations. Thus, the biochar, bio-oil, and gas yields were predicted. Also, the energy, water consumption, and CO2 emission were calculated for each type of bio-waste. The marc and the stalk of white grape presented the highest biochar and bio-oil yields (30.7 and 53.1 %wt) at 673 K. The pistachio green shell presented the highest gas yield, 53.7 %wt at 873 K. The maximum energy consumption and CO2 emissions founded were 13.72 kWh and 3.72 kg/h for the stalk of white grape at 873 K respectively, while the lowest energy consumption and CO2 emission were 9.22 kWh and 2.31 kg/h for plum pits at 773 K respectively. The highest water consumption was 25.86 kg/h for the stalk of red grape at 773 K, while the lowest value was 14.30 kg/h for plum pits at 773 K.

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“…Pyrolysis is one such technique that produces solid char, liquid tar, and gases as the final products from a particular polymer or organic feedstock. 8 − 10 The advantage of pyrolysis of PCBs is that, if the temperature is high enough, it will melt the solder used for attaching the different components. Hence, the simultaneous recovery of the organic fraction and removal of the solder material will aid in the removal of the metallic fraction from the organic fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While incineration releases toxic fumes into the environment, landfilling of e-waste can lead to leaching of potentially hazardous materials into the environment. , Recently, thermochemical techniques have grown remarkably as an efficient methodology for treating e-waste, particularly PCBs. Pyrolysis is one such technique that produces solid char, liquid tar, and gases as the final products from a particular polymer or organic feedstock. − The advantage of pyrolysis of PCBs is that, if the temperature is high enough, it will melt the solder used for attaching the different components. Hence, the simultaneous recovery of the organic fraction and removal of the solder material will aid in the removal of the metallic fraction from the organic fraction. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Activation Energy Modeling and Py-GC/MS Studies on Pyrolysis of Different Printed Circuit Boards for Resource Recovery

2022

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Printed circuit boards (PCBs) constitute an important segment of electronic waste that can be effectively utilized to recover valuable metals and organics. The present work is focused on the kinetics and product distribution from pyrolysis of three different PCB samples, viz., television PCB (TV PCB), motherboard PCB (MB PCB), and hard disk PCB (HD PCB). The PCBs were pretreated to eliminate most of the metallic constituents. Kinetic analysis was performed using Vyazovkin’s isoconversional method and distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The average apparent activation energies obtained from the Vyazovkin method were 207.2, 158.9, and 179.7 kJ mol –1 for the TV PCB, MB PCB, and HD PCB, respectively. The DAEM with five, four, and four pseudo-components was used to describe the decomposition kinetics of the TV PCB, MB PCB, and HD PCB, respectively. Importantly, two types of distributions, viz., Gaussian and Weibull, were utilized to effectively model the nonisothermal data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis at 10 and 20 °C min –1 . The evolution of pyrolysates belonging to functional groups such as phenolics, aromatics, aliphatics, halogenated compounds, N-containing compounds, and oxygenates was studied at two different temperatures (500 and 700 °C) using analytical pyrolysis–gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The Py-GC/MS results demonstrated an increase in selectivity to aromatics and straight-chain aliphatics at 700 °C with a concomitant decrease in selectivity to phenols and oxygenates.

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4-E (environmental, economic, energetic and exergetic) analysis of slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic waste

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Sustainable Slow-Pyrolysis Simulation of 12 Lignocellulosic Bio-wastes: CO₂ Emission, Energy, and Water Consumption

Distributed Activation Energy Modeling and Py-GC/MS Studies on Pyrolysis of Different Printed Circuit Boards for Resource Recovery

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4-E (environmental, economic, energetic and exergetic) analysis of slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic waste

Cited by 40 publications

References 60 publications

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Sustainable Slow-Pyrolysis Simulation of 12 Lignocellulosic Bio-wastes: CO2 Emission, Energy, and Water Consumption

Distributed Activation Energy Modeling and Py-GC/MS Studies on Pyrolysis of Different Printed Circuit Boards for Resource Recovery

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Sustainable Slow-Pyrolysis Simulation of 12 Lignocellulosic Bio-wastes: CO₂ Emission, Energy, and Water Consumption