4. Bedwetting and toileting problems in children

Caldwell, Patrina H Y; Edgar, Denise; Hodson, Elisabeth M; Craig, Jonathan C.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06653.x

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…LUT dysfunction diminishes with increasing age and the spontaneous disappearance rate is about 14–16% annually between the ages of 5 and 19 years. Interestingly, 1–3% of adults remain bed‐wetters (Wille and Hjälmås, 1997; Swithinbank et al , 1998; Caldwell et al , 2005; Kajiwara et al , 2006; Kajiwara et al , 2008). Some suggest that, after allergic conditions, bed‐wetting is the most common chronic health problem in children in western countries (Mattsson et al , 2003).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this issue, KINDL N should have been used at the first consultation (baseline), not only after the treatment. This aspect is another limitation of the study, as is the known spontaneous remission rate of approximately 16% per year (Swithinbank et al, 1998;Caldwell et al, 2005;Kajiwara et al, 2006). To investigate this question, prospective randomised studies are required; for example, one branch treated with behavioural therapy alone, one branch with combined behavioural therapy and biofeedback and one branch with medication alone, and all of them assessed with KINDL N at baseline and after treatment.…”

Section: Correlations Between Current Hr-qol and Lutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voiding disorders among children and adolescents: surveillance after ‘voiding school’ treatment

Mohn

Bakke

Rokne

2010

Int J of Uro Nursing

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate children's lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) 1–6 years after treatment at voiding school. One to six years after the end of treatment for non‐neurogenic voiding disorders, 108 children were contacted (36% girls, current age 8–18 years). The study was conducted in two parts: data were retrospectively collected from the (i) children's medical records to determine their symptoms at the first consultation and (ii) children's current self‐report via two different questionnaires, a voiding‐related symptom questionnaire and a HR‐QoL questionnaire (KINDLN). Fifty‐two children agreed to take part in the study: 17 girls and 35 boys, mean age 12·8 years (SD ± 2·76), median age 13·0 years. At first consultation, 58% of the children suffered from day and night incontinence (DNI), 75% from urgency and 87% from infrequent voiding. Ultrasound showed that 73% had incomplete bladder emptying. No statistically significant sex‐based differences were observed, except that girls more often reported urinary tract infections (P = 0·011). After treatment, 47% of children reported resolution, 39% significant improvement, 12% no improvement and 2% ‘don't know’. DNI was reported by 14%, urgency by 18% and infrequent voiding by 45%. There were no statistically significant correlations between the children's degree of current symptoms and their perceived HR‐QoL. The children reported fewer symptoms after treatment, indicating that attendance at voiding school might be a successful treatment modality. However, the design of the present study does not allow any conclusion to be drawn regarding cause and effect.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlations Between Current Hr-qol and Lutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voiding disorders among children and adolescents: surveillance after ‘voiding school’ treatment

Mohn

Bakke

Rokne

2010

Int J of Uro Nursing

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“…The prevalence of enuresis (at least one night per week) has been reported to be 1.6% to 15%, depending on the subject’s age and ethnic and cultural characteristics [2–5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between primary nocturnal enuresis and habitual snoring in children with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome

Sakellaropoulou¹,

Hatzistilianou²,

Emporiadou³

et al. 2012

aoms

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IntroductionNocturnal enuresis (NE) and obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) are common problems during childhood, and population studies have reported a significant correlation between them. This study aimed to assess whether habitual snoring, mouth breathing and daytime sleepiness are associated with increased incidence of NE in children with OSAHS.Material and methodsPolysomnography was performed in 42 children (66.7% males), 3.5-14.5 years old, who were evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).ResultsFourteen out of 42 children (33.3%) presented mild, 16 out of 42 (38.1%) moderate and 12 out of 42 (28.6%) severe degree of OSAHS. Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ranged between 1.30-94.20 (10.54 ±15.67) events per hour of sleep. Nocturnal enuresis was reported in 7/42 (16.7%) of them. The main observed symptoms were snoring (90.5%), restless sleep (81%), mouth breathing (71.4%), nasal congestion (76.2%), and difficulty in arousal (52.4%). A statistically significant association was found between NE and mouth breathing (p = 0.014) or nasal congestion (p = 0.005). Children with OSAHS and NE had a higher arousal index (8.14 ±8.05) compared with OSAHS children without NE (4.61 ±7.95) (p = 0.19, z = –1.28). Snorers had higher levels of AHI (11.02 ±16.37) compared with non-snorers (6.05 ±4.81) (p = 0.33, z = –0.96), and habitually snorers (23/42, 54.76%) were at greater risk of having NE (4/23) than were non-snorers (0/4, p = 0.36). However, the prevalence of enuresis was not related to the severity of OSAHS, expressed as AHI (p = 0.70).ConclusionsMouth breathing, nasal congestion and high threshold of arousal during sleep should be more carefully evaluated in cases of children with NE who do not respond to standard treatment and present SDB.

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“…Guidelines do not recommend assessment of enuresis until a child is at least 5 years old 31 . ‐ 33 A fifth of normal 5‐year‐olds still experience nocturnal enuresis 40 . Screening for constipation and encopresis is not addressed in guidelines, except in association with enuresis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Healthy Kids Check — is it evidence‐based?

Alexander

Mazza

2010

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To assess whether the components of the Healthy Kids Check (HKC), a preschool screening check recently added to the Australian Government's Enhanced Primary Care Program, are supported by evidence‐based guidelines or reviews. Data sources: Guideline and MEDLINE databases were searched for guidelines and systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2008 that were relevant to screening, prevention or well‐child care in primary health care, and including children of preschool age. Search subjects reflected the HKC components: growth, weight, obesity, vision, hearing, oral health, enuresis, encopresis, allergic disease and food allergies. Study selection: 34 relevant guidelines or reviews were retrieved. Data extraction: For each component of the HKC, guidelines addressing the presumed rationale for screening, or the test or tool required to implement it, were reviewed. Relevant evidence‐based and consensus‐based guideline recommendations were assessed as either supporting or opposing components of the HKC, or stating that the evidence was insufficient to recommend screening of preschool children. Data synthesis: Guidelines were often inconsistent in their recommendations. Most of the components of the HKC (eg, screening for chronic otitis media and questioning about toilet habits) are not supported by evidence‐based guidelines relevant to the primary care setting, though a number of consensus‐based guidelines are supportive. Conclusions: There is currently a dearth of evidence relevant to child health surveillance in primary care. The components of the HKC could be refined to better reflect evidence‐based guidelines that target health monitoring of preschool children.

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4. Bedwetting and toileting problems in children

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Voiding disorders among children and adolescents: surveillance after ‘voiding school’ treatment

Voiding disorders among children and adolescents: surveillance after ‘voiding school’ treatment

Association between primary nocturnal enuresis and habitual snoring in children with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome

The Healthy Kids Check — is it evidence‐based?

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