4.32 Gene Editing Tools

Ede, David; Farhang, Niloofar; Stover, Joshua D.; Bowles, Robby D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09290-0

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…These molecules comprise a chain of zinc finger proteins fused to a bacterial nuclease in order to obtain a system capable of making site-specific double-stranded DNA breaks, thus allowing gene editing. Zinc finger proteins provide site-specific targeting as they each recognize a 3-4 base pair DNA sequence [123,124]. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are proteins secreted by plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas with a core DNA binding domain of 12-28 repeats, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), an acidic domain for target gene transcription activation, and a Fok1 nuclease [125].…”

Section: Genome-based Approach To Hcmv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Approach to Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Overview of Conventional and Novel Strategies

Bottino,

Pastrone,

Curtoni

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus capable of establishing a lifelong persistence in the host through a chronic state of infection and remains an essential global concern due to its distinct life cycle, mutations, and latency. It represents a life-threatening pathogen for immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ transplanted patients, HIV-positive individuals, and hematopoietic stem cell recipients. Multiple antiviral approaches are currently available and administered in order to prevent or manage viral infections in the early stages. However, limitations due to side effects and the onset of antidrug resistance are a hurdle to their efficacy, especially for long-term therapies. Novel antiviral molecules, together with innovative approaches (e.g., genetic editing and RNA interference) are currently in study, with promising results performed in vitro and in vivo. Since HCMV is a virus able to establish latent infection, with a consequential risk of reactivation, infection management could benefit from preventive treatment for critical patients, such as immunocompromised individuals and seronegative pregnant women. This review will provide an overview of conventional antiviral clinical approaches and their mechanisms of action. Additionally, an overview of proposed and developing new molecules is provided, including nucleic-acid-based therapies and immune-mediated approaches.

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Section: Genome-based Approach To Hcmv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%