4.0 Technology for Port Digitalization and Automation

Emerging technology and management research in the container terminals: Trends and the COVID-19 pandemic impacts

“…Container terminal automation and digitalization are closer to each other. They are critical in improving terminal efficiency and productivity and coping with challenges from growing vessel size and increasing time in port ( Senarak and Mokkhavas, 2022 ). While automation targets to replace manual labour with automated processes ( ITF, 2019 ), digitalization is introducing new features in current business model and helping container terminals to be future-proof.…”