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Star, Alexander; Stoddart, J. Fraser; Steuerman, David W.; Diehl, Mike; Boukai, Akram; Wong, E.W.M.; Yang, Xin; Chung, Sungwook; Choi, Hyeon Yeong; Heath, James R.

doi:10.1002/1521-3757(20010504)113:9<1771::aid-ange17710>3.3.co;2-p

Cited by 182 publications

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“…The physical properties of the individual carbon nanostructures, including electrical and mechanical properties, have been observed to decrease as a result of covalent functionalization due to the introduction of these defect sites. 18 Such deterioration of properties are not anticipated when noncovalent functionalization methods including solution crystallization, precipitation, and physical vapor deposition are applied. [17][18][19][20] Reports of noncovalent functionalization methods used to create hybrid nanostructures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with polyethylene (PE), 21,22 nylon-6,6, 23 and poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 24 have been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer crystallization and precipitation‐induced wrapping of carbon nanofibers with PBT

Mago

Kalyon

Fisher

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted significant interest because of their excellent mechanical, electrical, and physical properties. Recent advances in chemical functionalization strategies are anticipated to extend their utility in various applications. In this study, noncovalent methods of CNF functionalization utilizing solution crystallization and precipitation techniques were used to create hybrid nanostructures consisting of CNFs and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Key to this study is the finding that o-chlorophenol can be used as a suitable solvent to dissolve PBT to generate these nanostructures. PBT crystallization was documented via wideangle X-ray analysis and differential scanning calorimetry and was due to the nucleation effect of the CNFs. The sizes of the PBT crystals could be manipulated by altering the polymer concentration. The solution crystallization and precipitation techniques provide an alternative strategy to alter and control the nanostructure/polymer interface. The resulting nanohybrid structures may potentially find use in a broad range of applications including electronic devices, sensors, and as reinforcing agents in a polymer matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting nanohybrid structures coated with PBT could find potential use in a broad range of industrial applications, including electronic devices, sensors, and as reinforcing agents in a polymer matrix. 17,18,33 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer crystallization and precipitation‐induced wrapping of carbon nanofibers with PBT

Mago

Kalyon

Fisher

2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…There are four prominent methods for achieving dispersion: mechanical methods 8,10 , functionalizing the SWNTs [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , using surfactants 21 , and non-covalent modification by using small molecules and polymer dispersants [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] . There are advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the listed methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Aromatic/Aliphatic Polyimides as Dispersants for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2006

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Novel aromatic/aliphatic polyimides were prepared from 2,7-diamino-9,9′-dioctylfluorene (AFDA) and aromatic dianhydrides. Upon investigating the effectiveness of these polyimides for dispersing single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in solution, three were discovered to disperse SWNTs in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Two of these polyimides, one from 3,3′,4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and one from symmetric 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA), were used to prepare nanocomposites. Homogeneous polyimide/SWNT suspensions from both polymers were used in the preparation of films and fibers containing up to 1 wt% SWNTs. The samples were thermally treated to remove residual solvent and the films were characterized for SWNT dispersion by optical and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Electrical and mechanical properties of the films were also determined.Electrospun fibers were examined by HRSEM to characterize SWNT alignment and orientation.

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“…Further, multiple studies show that transferring SWNTs wrapped with an amphiphilic polymer from an aqueous to an organic phase results in polymer dewrapping and SWNT precipitation. 33,39 Finally, hydrophobic conjugated polymers based on PmPV, 40 polythiophene, 27 polyfluorene, 41 and poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) 42 frameworks can disperse SWNTs in variety of nonaqueous solvents, but all such structurally characterized SWNT samples display microscopy consistent with indistinct rod structures and substantial polymer/SWNT molar ratios; a classic example of this can be seen in work by Smalley, 33 which shows that flexible polymers wrap SWNTs with very short pitch lengths that give rise to thick polymer-SWNT hybrid structures indicative of multiple polymer chains associated per SWNT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase Transfer Catalysts Drive Diverse Organic Solvent Solubility of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Helically Wrapped by Ionic, Semiconducting Polymers

et al. 2010

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Use of phase transfer catalysts such as 18-crown-6 enables ionic, linear conjugated poly[2,6-{1,5-bis(3-propoxysulfonicacidsodiumsalt)}naphthylene]ethynylene (PNES) to efficiently disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in multiple organic solvents under standard ultrasonication methods. Steady-state electronic absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that these SWNT suspensions are composed almost exclusively of individualized tubes. High-resolution TEM and AFM data show that the interaction of PNES with SWNTs in both protic and aprotic organic solvents provides a self-assembled superstructure in which a PNES monolayer helically wraps the nanotube surface with periodic and constant morphology (observed helical pitch length ) 10 ( 2 nm); time-dependent examination of these suspensions indicates that these structures persist in solution over periods that span at least several months. Pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the excited state lifetimes and exciton binding energies of these well-defined nanotube-semiconducting polymer hybrid structures remain unchanged relative to analogous benchmark data acquired previously for standard sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-SWNT suspensions, regardless of solvent. These results demonstrate that the use of phase transfer catalysts with ionic semiconducting polymers that helically wrap SWNTs provide well-defined structures that solubulize SWNTs in a wide range of organic solvents while preserving critical nanotube semiconducting and conducting properties.KEYWORDS Single chain, helical wrapping, ionic poly(aryleneethynylene), phase transfer catalyst, SWNTs, organic solvent S ingle wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) 1-4 possess a wide range of uncommon mechanical, 5-9 optical, 1,10-12 electrical, 13-17 magnetic, 18-21 and thermal 22,23 properties that fuel multidisciplinary efforts aimed at developing neoteric nanoscale, microscale, and bulkphase materials. 2 Strong van der Waals interactions between SWNTs 24,25 are an anathema to SWNT solubilization. 13 Water-solubilized SWNTs dominate the literature; there exists no general method to disperse SWNTs in nonaqueous media. Potential dispersion approaches are truncated severely by the fact that preservation of significant SWNT electrooptic properties require solubilization via agents that noncovalently interact with the nanotube surface. 24,25 It has thus been a long-standing goal to develop a universal SWNT solubilization strategy that (i) relies on noncovalent interactions for nanotube dispersion, (ii) provides a high yield of individualized tubes, (iii) enables dispersion in a wide range of dielectric media, and yet (iv) gives rise to suspended SWNT structures having a constant morphology, regardless of solvent.Ultrasonication 11,26 and high-speed vibrational milling techniques 27 are commonly utilized to drive exfoliation of nanotube ropes and bundles in the presence of surfactants, small molecules, and polymers. 28 The huge library o...

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Cited by 182 publications

References 0 publications

Polymer crystallization and precipitation‐induced wrapping of carbon nanofibers with PBT

Polymer crystallization and precipitation‐induced wrapping of carbon nanofibers with PBT

Investigation of Aromatic/Aliphatic Polyimides as Dispersants for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Phase Transfer Catalysts Drive Diverse Organic Solvent Solubility of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Helically Wrapped by Ionic, Semiconducting Polymers

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