3H and 90Sr background in water around Tianwan NPP, China

Lu, Ji-gen; Huang, Yunhao; Wang, Lihua; Li, Fang; Li, Shuzhen; Hsia, Yuanfu

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.06.006

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…6 Thus, we could infer that the high deposition density of 90 Sr in XSB resulted in a higher 90 Sr activity in its groundwater than that in groundwater of DSB and QZB. The higher 90 Sr levels (8.3− 10 Bq m −3 ) in groundwater observed along the Yellow Sea coast 18,31 further support our hypothesis. However, even within these small-scale bays, the 90 Sr activity in the fresh groundwater samples still showed high spatial variation, which may be caused by the different chemical properties of groundwater.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Thus, we could infer that the high deposition density of 90 Sr in XSB resulted in a higher 90 Sr activity in its groundwater than that in groundwater of DSB and QZB. The higher 90 Sr levels (8.3–10 Bq m –3 ) in groundwater observed along the Yellow Sea coast , further support our hypothesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…17 Notably, along the southern Yellow Sea coast, the 90 Sr activity in groundwater is 2 and 4 times higher than that in river water and nearshore seawater, respectively. 18 Note that these observations were obtained in noncontaminated areas, suggesting that 90 Sr originating from global fallout could become enriched in groundwater. Hence, although there are no published data on 90 Sr in pore water, it is reasonable to expect that SGD, or at least fresh SGD, may transport terrestrial 90 Sr to the coastal ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…For example, in Feldbak in Jutland, the 90 Sr activity in a well gradually increased from 1965 to 1980, reaching a level of 75 Bq m –3 , and an increasing trend of 90 Sr in Coney Island well water has also been observed after 1967 . Notably, along the southern Yellow Sea coast, the 90 Sr activity in groundwater is 2 and 4 times higher than that in river water and nearshore seawater, respectively . Note that these observations were obtained in noncontaminated areas, suggesting that 90 Sr originating from global fallout could become enriched in groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fresh Groundwater Discharge as a Major Source of ⁹⁰Sr into the Coastal Ocean

Zhang,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The behavior and source of 90 Sr in the coastal ocean remain uncertain. Here, we investigated the distributions of 90 Sr in coastal fresh groundwater, river water, pore water, and seawater in three bays along the southeastern coast of China between 2019 and 2021 and evaluated the potential of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) as a source of coastal 90 Sr. The 90 Sr activity in coastal fresh groundwater was higher than that in river water and seawater, while the 90 Sr activity in pore water was comparable to that in adjacent seawater. In addition, nonconservative mixing behavior of 90 Sr along the salinity gradient between river water and seawater was observed. These observations indicated that fresh SGD may serve as an additional source of 90 Sr in coastal seawater. Combining our groundwater 90 Sr data with the reported fresh SGD flux data, the estimated fresh SGD-derived 90 Sr fluxes into the three bays were comparable to or even higher than those supplied by riverine sources. These results revealed that fresh SGD is a major but overlooked source of 90 Sr in the coastal ocean. This subterranean pathway for transport of 90 Sr to the coastal ocean should be considered in the monitoring and risk assessment of coastal areas, especially those near nuclear facilities.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fresh Groundwater Discharge as a Major Source of ⁹⁰Sr into the Coastal Ocean

Zhang,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…For a more objective reflection of the spatial and temporal distributions of natural tritium in precipitation (also called rain tritium), the concentrations of rain tritium reported in areas without nuclear facilities in China [28,36,37,41,42,45,48,49,[57][58][59][60][61][62], Japan [28,35,39,51,52,[63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] and South Korea [28,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77] in the past three decades were extracted and plotted against the latitude in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Tritium Levels In Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and behavior of environmental tritium in East Asia

Feng

Zhuo

2022

NUCL SCI TECH

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For a more systematic understanding of the levels of environmental tritium and its behavior in East Asia, a database on environmental tritium was established based on the literature published in the past 30 years. Subsequently, the levels and behavior of the environmental tritium were further studied by statistical analyses. The results indicate that the distribution of environmental tritium is inhomogeneous and complex. In areas without nuclear facilities, the level of environmental tritium has decreased to its background level, even though a certain number of atmospheric nuclear tests were performed before 1980. In general, the level of atmospheric tritium was marginally higher than the levels in precipitation and surface water; the levels in shallow groundwater and seawater were considerably lower. Furthermore, the levels of tritium in the atmosphere, precipitation, and inland surface water were strongly correlated with latitude and distance from the coastline. In soil and living organisms, the level of tissue-free water tritium (TFWT) was comparable to the tritium levels in local rainfall, whereas the persistence of organically bound tritium (OBT) in the majority of organisms resulted in an OBT/TFWT ratio greater than one. Conversely, extremely high levels of environmental tritium were observed near certain nuclear power plants and the Fukushima accident sites. These results highlight the requirement to know the tritium baseline level and its behavior in the environment beforehand to better assess the impact of tritium discharge. Further investigations of environmental tritium in East Asia using more efficient and adequate monitoring methods are also required.

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