3H and 3He

Solomon, D. Kip; Cook, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_13

Cited by 158 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Although the error bars for the apparent 3 H/ 3 He age overlap the modeled recharge year and mean residence time for well 14, the apparent age is not consistent with the transient tracer results from wells 7 and 16. Because of its very low solubility and high diffusion coefficient, 3 He in pore waters in the unsaturated zone readily exchanges with the subsurface atmosphere, and thus it is generally understood that the 3 H/ 3 He "clock" starts near the water table [Solomon and Cook, 2000;Cook et al, 1996]. In contrast, the relatively high solubility and low diffusion coefficients of CFCs can result in unsaturated zone pore water concentrations that are not in equilibrium with the atmosphere [Cook and Solomon, 1995].…”

Section: Tritium/helium-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers

Solomon

Genereux

Plummer

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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[1] We tested three models of mixing between old interbasin groundwater flow (IGF) and young, locally derived groundwater in a lowland rain forest in Costa Rica using a large suite of environmental tracers. We focus on the young fraction of water using the transient tracers SF 6 He. Because of their unique concentration histories in the atmosphere, combinations of transient tracers are sensitive not only to subsurface travel times but also to mixing between waters having different travel times. Samples fall into three distinct categories: (1) young waters that plot along a piston flow line, (2) old samples that have near-zero concentrations of the transient tracers, and (3) mixtures of 1 and 2. We have modeled the concentrations of the transient tracers using (1) a binary mixing model (BMM) of old and young water with the young fraction transported via piston flow, (2) an exponential mixing model (EMM) with a distribution of groundwater travel times characterized by a mean value, and (3) an exponential mixing model for the young fraction followed by binary mixing with an old fraction (EMM/BMM). In spite of the mathematical differences in the mixing models, they all lead to a similar conceptual model of young (0 to 10 year) groundwater that is locally derived mixing with old (>1000 years) groundwater that is recharged beyond the surface water boundary of the system.

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Section: Tritium/helium-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers

Solomon

Genereux

Plummer

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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“…If it is assumed that the apparent ( 3 H/ 3 He trit ) age represents the age of the young fraction of water in spring water mixtures, then for relatively young waters (mean transit times <20 yrs), apparent ages and mean transit times are similar (within ± 4 years), which indicates that Ca-HCO 3 type spring waters contain predominantly post-bomb 3 H. Na-Cl type spring waters with mean transit times ≥ 50 years, have apparent ages that are much younger than the estimated mean transit times. This discrepancy may reflect the apparent age of the young-water fraction (Solomon and Cook 1999). Other studies have shown that the 3 H input was affected by hydrodynamic dispersion (Solomon and Sudicky 1991;Reilly et al 1994).…”

Section: Spring Water Ages and Mixingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs

Toth

Katz

2006

Hydrogeol J

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Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO 3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca-HCO 3 spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na-Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4-53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data-chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium ( 3 H), helium-3 ( 3 He trit ), sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 )-for four Ca-HCO 3 spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing Résumé D'importantes sources karstiques du Centre-Est de la Floride aux USA, ontétéétudiées par multitraçage et par des techniques de modélisation géochimique, pour mieux comprendre les directions de l'écoulement souterrain et les mélanges entre les eaux souterraines phréatiques et profondes. Les eaux de source sont du type Ca-HCO 3 (six), Na-Cl (quatre), et mixte (une). L'évolution de la chimie des eaux du type Ca-HCO 3 aété modélisée par réactions entre l'eau de pluie et la matière organique des sols, la calcite et la dolomite, dans des conditions oxydantes, et par mélange avec des proportions variables de l'eau saline de l'aquifère du Bas-Floridien qui représente 4 a 53% du débit total de la source.Les Resumen Se estudiaron manantiales kársticos grandes en la parte centro-oriental de Florida, USA utilizando técnicas de modelizado geoquímico y multi-trazadores para un mejor entendimiento de trayectorias de flujo de agua subterránea y la mezcla de agua subterránea profunda y somera. Los tipos de agua de manantial incluyeron Ca-HCO 3 − (seis), Na-Cl (cuatro), y mezclada (una). Se modelizó la evolución de química de agua para las aguas de Hydrogeology Journal (2006) los manantiales Ca-HCO 3 − mediante las reacciones de agua de lluvia con la materia orgánica del suelo, calcita, y dolomita bajo condiciones anóxicas. Los manantiales con Na-Cl y mezclados se modelizaron mediante reacciones ya sea de agua de lluvia o agua del acuífero Floridano Superior con materia orgánica del suelo, calcita, y dolomita bajo condiciones anóxicas y mezclando con distintas proporciones de agua salada del acuífero Floridano Inferior, lo cual representó entre 4 y 53% de la descarga total de los manantiales. Los datos de trazadores múltiples [clorofluorcarbono CFC-113, tritio ( 3 H), helio-3 ( 3 He trit ), hexafluoruro de azufre (SF 6 )] para cuatro manantiales Ca-HCO 3 − fueron consistentes con curvas binarias de mezclado que representan agua recargada durante 1980 o 1990 que se mezcló con un componente más viejo libre de trazadores (reca...

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“…He dating procedures are presented in Schlosser and others (1988) and Solomon and Cook (1999). Analytic uncertainty is approximately ± 0.5 years.…”

Section: Collection and Analysis Of Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquifer chemistry and transport processes in the zone of contribution to a public-supply well in Woodbury, Connecticut, 2002-06

Brown¹,

Starn²,

Stollenwerk³

et al. 2009

Scientific Investigations Report

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3H and 3He

Cited by 158 publications

References 57 publications

Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers

Testing mixing models of old and young groundwater in a tropical lowland rain forest with environmental tracers

Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs

Aquifer chemistry and transport processes in the zone of contribution to a public-supply well in Woodbury, Connecticut, 2002-06

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