3d-Technologies in Medicine and Forensic Medical Practice: Current Status and Prospects for Implementation

Franchuk, V. V.

doi:10.24061/2707-8728.1.2022.5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Впровадження нових технологій і перспективних методик досліджень завжди допомагало прогресуванню тих чи інших галузей науки та техніки. Так і застосування просторового тривимірного моделювання основних елементів тілесних ушкоджень наразі відіграє важливу роль у сучасній судово-медичній експертизі [1][2][3].…”

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Discovery of a New Morphological Feature in Forensic Medicine During the Study of Gunshot Injury Using Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Wound Channel

Zmievska,

Savka

2024

СМЕ

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The use of spatial three-dimensional modeling of the main elements of a gunshot injury plays a significant part in the modern forensic medical examination. It allows not only to improve the visualization of such bodily injuries, to increase the objectivity and validity of expert conclusions, to accumulate an evidence basis for war crimes committed with the use of various types of firearms, but it also helps to discover new morphological features which couldn’t be detected when using traditional research methods. The work shows the process of detecting a new morphological feature during three-dimensional modeling of the wound channel caused by the IJ 70-01 pistol loaded with 9 mm cartridges. Aim of the work. Demonstration of new possibilities of three-dimensional spatial modeling in the process of the forensic investigation of a gunshot wound. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim of study, a series of experimental shots were fired from the IJ 70-01 automatic pistol loaded with 9 mm cartridges. To conduct bench ballistic tests according to the US standards – NIJ (National Institute of Justice), HOSDB (Home Office Scientific Development Branch) – standardized ballistic clay Roma Plastilina No.1 was used as the main material that absorbs the energy of the bullet and reproduces all the elements of wound ballistics. It was coated in pig skin with subcutaneous adipose tissue in order to recreate more true-to-life conditions of the gunshot injury. The generated wound channel was filled with Tropicalgin alginate impression material (Zhermack, Italy), which was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions; it has short setting time and reproduces the smallest details of the wound channel. Thereafter, the formed cast of the wound channel was subjected to a series of photographs at the appropriate angles and its 3D model was created with the help of the graphic design software “Agisoft PhotoScan” and “3ds max”. Results. The result of the conducted studies was obtaining a spatial three-dimensional model of the gunshot wound channel, which brings about new opportunities for its research. The implementation of three-dimensional modeling techniques made it possible to discover a new morphological feature – a helical torsion of the wound channel, the direction of which can indicate specific design features of the firearm used. Conclusions. The implementation of three-dimensional spatial modeling in the process of a gunshot trauma investigation sets conditions for increasing visibility and objectivity during conduction of such forensic medical examinations. At the same time, new opportunities are brought about for taking linear dimensions of the existing morphological features of the wound channel main elements with extended precision, the accumulation of demonstrative evidence basis in cases of such injuries, and the discovery of new morphological features for identification of the specific design features of the firearm used.

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Discovery of a New Morphological Feature in Forensic Medicine During the Study of Gunshot Injury Using Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Wound Channel

Zmievska,

Savka

2024

СМЕ

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Improvement of forensic medical diagnosis of projectile type injuries from automatic firearm chambered in 5.45 mm caliber through spatial 3D modeling

Zmiyevska,

Tryubner,

Savka

2024

Med. perspekt.

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Spatial 3D modeling has become one of the modern and most accurate evidential methods of research, carving out its niche in various fields of medical science and practice. Therefore, our focus has been on laying the groundwork for its implementation in the process of conducting forensic medical examinations of gunshot injuries, which have garnered significant attention from all forensic physicians, particularly after unprovoked aggression from Russia and the onset of active hostilities in our country. The aim of the study was to improve the forensic medical diagnosis of projectile type in injuries from automatic firearm AKS-74U chambered in 5.45x39 mm caliber by utilizing spatial 3D modeling of specific elements within the wound channel. The entire series of experimental shots was conducted using an AKS-74U firearm, with a bullet caliber of 5.45x39 mm. As the research material, Roma Plastilina Number 1 ballistic clay, manufactured in the USA, was used for conducting standardized ballistic tests according to NIJ (National Institute of Justice) and HOSDB (Home Office Scientific Development Branch) standards. The series of experiments consisted of 15 gunshots; then the physical characteristics of the bullet, main morphological elements of the wound of skin and different portions of wound channel were investigated (195 measurements in general). The morphological features of individual elements within the wound channel were measured using conventional measurement tools, and also after their 3D modeling using graphic editors such as "Agisoft Photoscan" and "3ds max." Direct and strong correlations (ranging from 0.60 to 0.72) have been established between the initial velocity, kinetic energy, specific energy of bullet, and the diameter of the entry wound in 3D modeling, as well as the diameters of the wound channel in its central portion, measured both by conventional measuring tools and based on the results of their 3D modeling (р=0,02). Furthermore, inverse correlation relationships of moderate strength (ranging from -0.63 to -0.66) have been detected between the initial velocity, kinetic energy, specific energy, and the presence of abrasion collar around the entry wound (р=0,03). The created conditions allow to conduct the differentiation in diagnosing the type of projectile, the identification and study of new characteristics of key elements in firearm-related injuries, and improvement in measurement accuracy. They also enhance clarity and objectivity during the execution of forensic medical examinations in cases of combat-related firearm injuries.

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3d-Technologies in Medicine and Forensic Medical Practice: Current Status and Prospects for Implementation

Cited by 2 publications

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Discovery of a New Morphological Feature in Forensic Medicine During the Study of Gunshot Injury Using Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Wound Channel

Discovery of a New Morphological Feature in Forensic Medicine During the Study of Gunshot Injury Using Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Wound Channel

Improvement of forensic medical diagnosis of projectile type injuries from automatic firearm chambered in 5.45 mm caliber through spatial 3D modeling

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