3D surface topographic measurements for idiopathic scoliosis are highly correlative to patient self-image questionnaires

Thakur, Ankush; Groisser, Benjamin; Hillstrom, Howard J.; Cunningham, Matthew E.; Hresko, M. Timothy; Otremski, Hila; Morse, Kyle W.; Page, Kira; Gmelich, Caroline; Kimmel, Ron; Wolf, Alon; Widmann, Roger F.; Heyer, Jessica H

doi:10.1007/s43390-023-00672-3

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several technologies based on surface topography (ST) are available to objectively measure body asymmetry, such as structured light, infrared, or laser scanning [34]. The information obtained is captured by cameras and then processed to create a 3D model of the torso [13]. More than angles, ST provides objective measurements of areas and volumes, able to describe a torso's reliefs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structured light projects a pattern of parallel fringes onto the body surface (Moiré technique) [35] and collects the distortion of those fringes that can give information about the distance (height) of the surface of the object away from a flat reference plane [8]. Laser scanning uses laser beams to scan the body's surface, which can be performed by external devices (scanner) or integrated into a smartphone or tablet [13,15]. Surface analysis can help to document the external asymmetry associated with scoliosis and the cosmetic improvement obtained after surgery [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they usually need a complicated process of calibration, image matching, triangulation, surface generation, operability, and connection to a computer system where the matching of a lot of surface points needs to be computed. Thus, they are very complex to analyze and interpret and are expensive [13]. Although some methods have correlated surface topographic measurements with patient-reported outcome measures (TAPS, SRS-22), correlations are low [37] to moderate, 0.49-0.65 [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods can measure body appearance and assess scoliosis in a non-radiation approach such as rasterstereography [8,9], ultrasonography [10,11], and surface topography (ST) systems (using photogrammetry [12,13], structured light [14], or laser scanning [15]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of a New Digital Tool for Photographic Analysis in Quantifying Body Asymmetry in Scoliosis

Pizones,

Moreno-Manzanaro,

Pupak

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Advancements in non-ionizing methods for quantifying spinal deformities are crucial for assessing and monitoring scoliosis. In this study, we analyzed the observer variability of a newly developed digital tool for quantifying body asymmetry from clinical photographs. Methods: Prospective observational multicenter study. Initially, a digital tool was developed using image analysis software, calculating quantitative measures of body asymmetry. This tool was integrated into an online platform that exports data to a database. The tool calculated 10 parameters, including angles (shoulder height, axilla height, waist height, right and left waistline angles, and their difference) and surfaces of the left and right hemitrunks (shoulders, waists, pelvises, and total). Subsequently, an online training course on the tool was conducted for twelve observers not involved in its development (six research coordinators and six spine surgeons). Finally, 15 standardized back photographs of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were selected from a multicenter image bank, representing various clinical scenarios (different age, gender, curve type, BMI, and pre- and postoperative images). The 12 observers measured the photographs at two different times with a three-week interval. For the second round, the images were randomly mixed. Inter- and intra-observer variabilities of the measurements were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and reliability was measured by the standard error of measurement (SEM). Group comparisons were made using Student’s t-test. Results: The mean inter-observer ICC for the ten measurements was 0.981, the mean intra-observer ICC was 0.937, and SEM was 0.3–1.3°. The parameter with the strongest inter- and intra-observer validity was the difference in waistline angles 0.994 and 0.974, respectively, while the highest variability was found with the waist height angle 0.963 and 0.845, respectively. No test–retest differences (p > 0.05) were observed between researchers (0.948 ± 0.04) and surgeons (0.925 ± 0.05). Conclusion: We developed a new digital tool integrated into an online platform demonstrating excellent reliability and inter- and intra-observer variabilities for quantifying body asymmetry in scoliosis patients from a simple clinical photograph. The method could be used for assessing and monitoring scoliosis and body asymmetry without radiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reliability of a New Digital Tool for Photographic Analysis in Quantifying Body Asymmetry in Scoliosis

Pizones,

Moreno-Manzanaro,

Pupak

et al. 2024

JCM

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show abstract

“…The patient's self-perception should also be considered in addition to the Cobb angle. Thakur et al recently reported that several 3D surface topographic outcomes (shoulder asymmetry, scapula/lumbar/pelvic regions) were highly correlated to patient self-image questionnaires [48].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Spinal Evaluation Using Rasterstereography in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is It Closer to Three-Dimensional or Two-Dimensional Radiography?

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional (3D) spine deformity. The Cobb angle, evaluated with 2D radiography, is the gold standard to determine curve severity. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the 3D spinal evaluation with rasterstereography in patients with AIS. The hypothesis was that rasterstereography reached higher accuracy than the gold standard 2D radiography. The second aim was to compare rasterstereography with 3D radiography. The hypothesis was that the rasterstereographic evaluation of patients with severe major scoliosis curves is closer to 3D radiography compared to the gold standard (2D radiography). (2) Methods: This is a prospective comparative study of a consecutive series of 53 patients, with the scoliosis curve evaluated with two 3D methods and the gold standard (2D radiography). (3) Results: The hypothesis that rasterstereography reached higher accuracy than the gold standard 2D radiography was validated for all curves. Even if all curves were highly correlated, both rasterstereography and 2D radiography scoliosis evaluation were underestimated for moderate/severe curves compared to 3D radiography. (4) Conclusions: The rasterstereographic evaluation of major curve scoliosis is not accurate enough to replace 2D radiography for moderate/severe curves. A longitudinal follow-up should be assessed in future studies to define the sensitivity of the detection of a significant change in the scoliotic mild and moderate curve (<40°).

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Self-image in spinal deformity: a state-of-the-art review

Stone,

Sindewald,

Kelly

2024

Spine Deform

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3D surface topographic measurements for idiopathic scoliosis are highly correlative to patient self-image questionnaires

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Reliability of a New Digital Tool for Photographic Analysis in Quantifying Body Asymmetry in Scoliosis

Reliability of a New Digital Tool for Photographic Analysis in Quantifying Body Asymmetry in Scoliosis

Three-Dimensional Spinal Evaluation Using Rasterstereography in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is It Closer to Three-Dimensional or Two-Dimensional Radiography?

Self-image in spinal deformity: a state-of-the-art review

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